Quercus dentata
Species of oak tree

Daimyo oak
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Quercus
Section: Quercus sect. Quercus
Species:
Q. dentata
Binomial name
Quercus dentata
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Quercus coreana Nakai
  • Quercus daimio K.Koch
  • Quercus obovata Bunge
  • Quercus pinnatifida Franch. & Sav.
  • Quercus pseudodentata Uyeki
  • Quercus stewardii Rehder
  • Castanopsis yunnanensis (Franch.) H.Lév.
  • Quercus dentatoides Liou
  • Quercus malacotricha A.Camus
  • Quercus oxyloba (Franch.) Liou
  • Quercus yuii Liou
  • Quercus yunnanensis Franch.

Quercus dentata, also called Japanese emperor oak, daimyo oak, or Korean oak[2] (Japanese: 柏, kashiwa; traditional Chinese: 柞櫟; simplified Chinese: 柞栎; pinyin: zuòlì; Korean: 떡갈나무, tteokgalnamu), is a species of oak native to East Asia (Japan, Korea and China). The name of the tree is often translated as "sweet oak" in English to distinguish it from Western varieties.[3] It is placed in section Quercus.[4]

Description

Quercus dentata is a deciduous tree growing up to 20–25 metres (66–82 feet) tall, with a trunk up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. Its foliage is remarkable for its size, among the largest of all oaks, consisting of a short hairy petiole, 1–1.5 centimetres (3⁄8–5⁄8 inch) long, and a blade 10–40 cm (4–15+1⁄2 in) long and 15–30 cm (6–12 in) broad, with a shallowly lobed margin; the form is reminiscent of an enormous pedunculate oak leaf. The leaves are often retained dead on the tree into winter. Both sides of the leaf are initially downy with the upper surface becoming smooth.[3]

The flowers are produced in May; the male flowers are pendulous catkins. The female flowers are sessile, growing near the tips of new shoots, producing acorns 1.2–2.3 cm long and 1.2–1.5 cm broad, in broad, bushy-scaled cups; the acorns mature in September to October.[3]

Ecology

Quercus dentata (Qd) cannot tolerate the extreme cold of northern Hokkaido, but Quercus crispula (Qc) can. In more southerly parts of Hokkaido, Q. dentata lives in coastal areas while Q. crispula tends to live more inland. In the more northern parts of the island, these two species have experienced introgression and they are interfertile, producing shoots that grow and can reproduce; resulting in a coastal Qc ecotype wih Qd-like traits. The coastal Qc are intermediary between the two parent species in genotypes and phenotypes.[5]

Cultivation outside East Asia

Quercus dentata was introduced to the British Isles in 1830, where it is occasionally grown in botanical gardens. It is usually smaller in cultivation than in the wild, growing to a small angular tree or large irregular shrub. Notable specimens include one at Osterley Park, 14 m (46 ft) tall and 1.5 m girth, and the largest, 18 m (59 ft) tall, at Avondale Forest Park, County Wicklow, Ireland.[6][7][8]

Culinary uses

In Korean cuisine, its acorns (in Hangul: 도토리, dotori) have been used since the Three Kingdoms. A notable food is dotorimuk.

In Japanese cuisine, its leaves are used as a wrapping for kashiwa mochi.[9]

References

  1. ^ "Quercus dentata Thunb.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 599. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  3. ^ a b c Huang, Chengjiu; Zhang, Yongtian; Bartholomew, Bruce. "Quercus dentata". Flora of China. Vol. 4. Retrieved March 3, 2016 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
  5. ^ Nagamitsu, Teruyoshi; et al. (2020). "Environment-Dependent Introgression from Quercus Dentata to a Coastal Ecotype of Quercus Mongolica var.Crispula in Northern Japan". The New Phytologist. 226 (4): 1018–1028. JSTOR 26914604.
  6. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1974). "Field Guide to Trees in Britain and Europe." Collins.
  7. ^ Phillips, R. (1978). "Trees in Britain, Europe and North America." Ward Lock.
  8. ^ Lancaster, R. (1981). 'Hillier's Manual of Trees & Shrubs," 5th ed. Hillier and Sons.
  9. ^ Quercus dentata, with photos (pdf file; in Japanese)[permanent dead link]
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