| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) |
| Discovery site | Lincoln Laboratory Experimental Test Site |
| Discovery date | 8 August 2000 |
| Designations | |
| (23187) 2000 PN9 | |
| NEO · Apollo · PHA | |
| Orbital characteristics[2] | |
| Epoch 21 November 2025 (JD 2461000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Aphelion | 2.93547 AU |
| Perihelion | 0.758421 AU |
| 1.84695 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.589365 |
| 2.51009 y (916.812 d) | |
| 324.539° | |
| 0.392665° / d | |
| Inclination | 51.3359° |
| 164.281° | |
| 293.541° | |
| Earth MOID | 0.014953 AU |
| TJupiter | 3.419 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 1.82±0.08 × 1.82±0.07 × 1.77±0.11 km[3]: 4589 |
Equatorial radius | 0.855±0.035 km[3]: 4589 [a] |
| 2.53216±0.00015 h[3]: 4589 | |
Pole ecliptic longitude | 96±36°[3]: 4589 |
Pole ecliptic latitude | 30±17°[3]: 4589 |
| Sq-type or Q-type[3]: 4591 | |
| 16.05[2] | |
(23187) 2000 PN9 is an unnamed near-Earth asteroid (NEA) on a highly inclined orbit. An Apollo asteroid, it was discovered on 8 August 2000 by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program. It is around 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) in size and shaped like a top, though its equatorial ridge is less prominent compared to other top-shaped asteroids.
History
2000 PN9 was discovered on 8 August 2000 by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program from the Lincoln Laboratory Experimental Test Site in Socorro, New Mexico, United States.[1] It was given its provisional designation of 2000 PN9 by the Minor Planet Center (MPC), and its discovery was announced in a Minor Planet Electronic Circular on 30 August.[4] Once its orbit was sufficiently determined, the MPC numbered it (23187) on 9 March 2001.[5]: 112 As of 2025[update], it has not yet been given a name.[2]
Orbit
2000 PN9 orbits the Sun at an average distance—its semi-major axis—of 1.85 astronomical units (AU), taking 2.51 years to complete one revolution. Along its orbit, its distance from the Sun varies between 0.75 AU at perihelion to 2.94 AU at aphelion due to its orbital eccentricity of 0.59. Its orbit is inclined by 51.34° with respect to the ecliptic plane.[2] It is a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) and an Apollo asteroid, since its orbit crosses Earth's and its semi-major axis is greater than one AU.[2][6] It makes periodic close approaches to Earth, categorizing it as a potentially hazardous asteroid.[7]: 167
Physical characteristics
2000 PN9 is 1.71 kilometres (1.06 mi) in size and shaped like a top or diamond, characteristic of rubble pile asteroids. It is nearly spherical, with a less pronounced equatorial ridge compared to other top-shaped NEAs.[3]: 4589, 4592 Based on its surface spectrum, it is classified as an Sq-type or Q-type asteroid. It has no known moons.[3]: 4591
Based on observations of 2000 PN9's lightcurve, or variations in its observed brightness, it has a rotation period of 2.53 hours, rotating in a prograde direction.[3]: 4589 Its rapid rotation means that its surface likely experiences frequent landslides and mass shedding events that move regolith from its polar regions to its equator. This process exposes unweathered material, and its Sq/Q-type classification could be a consequence of these processes. However, its lack of a satellite is unusual as many top-shaped NEAs have moons; it is one of the largest solitary top-shaped asteroids known.[3]: 4591 The YORP effect can spin up an NEA towards the spin barrier, at which point a cohesionless rubble pile would break up due to centrifugal forces.[8] Material flung out can then reaccrete, forming a multiple asteroid system. 2000 PN9 lies close to the spin barrier, which is around 2.2 hours, but its rotation is not being spun up. Its symmetrical shape means that it has not experienced breakup in the past. This indicates that it may be trapped in a state of rotational equilibrium, where the torque produced by the YORP effect enforces a steady rotation period instead.[3]: 4592
Notes
- ^ Given as an equatorial diameter of 1.71±0.07 km
References
- ^ a b "(23187) = 2000 PN9". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) (2300 obs) - ^ a b c d e "JPL Small-Body Database Lookup: 23187 (2000 PN9)" (2025-11-12 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dover, L. (November 2023). "Physical modelling of near-Earth asteroid (23187) 2000 PN9 with ground-based optical and radar observations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 525 (3): 4581–4595. arXiv:2308.09630. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.525.4581D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2528.
- ^ Minor Planet Center Staff (30 August 2000). "MPEC 2000-Q37 : 2000 PN9". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. 2000-Q37. Minor Planet Center. Bibcode:2000MPEC....Q...37F. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
- ^ "M. P. C. 42217-42426" (PDF). Minor Planet Circulars. Minor Planet Center. 9 March 2001. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
- ^ "NEO Groups". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 2 February 2002. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- ^ Belskaya, Irina N.; Fornasier, Sonia; Krugly, Yurij N. (May 2009). "Polarimetry and BVRI photometry of the potentially hazardous near-Earth Asteroid (23187) 2000 PN9". Icarus. 201 (1): 167–171. Bibcode:2009Icar..201..167B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.026.
- ^ Francis, Matthew R. (6 November 2025). "What Tumbling Asteroids Tell Us About Their Innards". Eos. Retrieved 22 November 2025.
External links
- (23187) 2000 PN9 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
- (23187) 2000 PN9 at ESA–space situational awareness
- Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
- (23187) 2000 PN9 at the JPL Small-Body Database
