Amity, Queensland

Town in Queensland, Australia
Town in Queensland, Australia
Amity (Bulan)
Town
Bottlenose Dolphins, off Amity Point, 2021
Bottlenose Dolphins, off Amity Point, 2021
Amity (Bulan) is located in Queensland
Amity (Bulan)
Amity (Bulan)
Interactive map of Amity (Bulan)
Coordinates: 27°23′43″S 153°26′28″E / 27.3952°S 153.4411°E / -27.3952; 153.4411 (Amity (town centre))
CountryAustralia
StateQueensland
CityNorth Stradbroke Island
LGA
Location
Established1824
Government
 • State electorate
 • Federal division
Area
 • Total
5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi)
Population
 • Total453 (2021 census)[2]
 • Density78.1/km2 (202.3/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+10:00 (AEST)
Postcode
4183

Amity is a coastal town and locality on North Stradbroke Island in the City of Redland, Queensland, Australia.[3][4] In the 2021 census, the locality of Amity had a population of 453 people.[2]

It is known as Bulan by the traditional owners, the Quandamooka people.[5][6]

Geography

Amity is located on the north western point of North Stradbroke Island (known as Amity Point). Directly north is the South Passage and the southern tip of Moreton Island. To the east lies the small town of Point Lookout and to the south lies the main town of North Stradbroke Island, Dunwich. Wallum Creek snakes along the southern border of the town. Rainbow Channel lies directly adjacent to Amity Point in Moreton Bay.[7]

History

Nunukul village

The Aboriginal people of the area before British colonisation were the Nunukul. They had a close affiliation with the Ngugi people of nearby Moreton Island. The Nunukul were proficient fishers who hunted dugong (youngun), turtle, oysters, mullet, nautilus, as well as other seafood and land animals. The women were expert dillybag (dili) makers. Amity Point was one of several seasonal villages that the Nunukul occupied on the island. Modern day descendants of these people are called the Quandamooka.[8][7]

Convict castaways

In 1823, the first Europeans arrived at Amity. These were three British convicts named Thomas Pamphlett, Richard Parsons and John Finnegan, who had become lost at sea with their boat washing up on Moreton Island. They lived peacefully with the Nunukul at Amity Point for a few months before eventually returning to British society.[9]

Naming of Amity Point

The South Passage, with Amity located on the lower, right side of North Stradbroke Island, the island at the top of image

In 1824, John Oxley and Robert Hoddle named the headland Amity Point after the brig Amity they sailed in when surveying the area during the establishment of the Moreton Bay penal colony.[10] It had also been given the name Cypress Point for which it was only known as for a brief period.

Maritime pilot station

In 1825, the site was chosen as a maritime pilot station by John Gray because of its location close to the South Passage into Moreton Bay. It was the first British settlement on Stradbroke Island.[10]

The pilot station was occupied by the pilot, the convict boat crew and several soldiers. An adjacent village of Ngugi and Nunukul people co-existed with the pilot station, its occupants still living a mostly traditional lifestyle throughout the 1830s.[8]

By the 1840s some of the local Ngugi and Nunukul men became employed as crew for the pilot boat at Amity.[7]

In 1847, the paddle steamer Sovereign was wrecked in heavy swell in the passage off Amity. Forty-four people on board died, but ten were saved, mostly through the efforts of the Aboriginal pilot boat crewmen named Toompani, Billy Cassim, Jack Kalider, Poonipun and Woondi. They all received an Aboriginal breastplate as a reward and Toompani also was given a boat.[11]

The wreck of the Sovereign highlighted the dangers of using the South Passage between Stradbroke and Moreton Island for shipping, and the main shipping channel for Brisbane was transferred to the safer North Passage between Bribie and Moreton Island. As a result, the pilot station at Amity was shut in 1848 and moved to the northern part of Moreton Island.[11]

Dugong fishing station

After the relocation of the pilot station, Amity became a base for commercial dugong fishing operations. This was primarily led by a Filipino ex-convict named Fernandez Gonzales, who had befriended the local Aboriginal community at Amity. He had married a Ngugi woman named Junnumbin (Juno) and was able to work with Aboriginal people to harvest the dugong. Other fishing ventures owned by the Campbell brothers and the Stillers also became based at Amity.[7][12]

Amity maintained a strong Aboriginal presence, with around 150 Indigenous people resident there during the 1850s. In 1853, convict escapees from Norfolk Island terrorised Amity's population before their eventual re-capture.[12][13]

Township

Amity was declared a reserve for a township in 1884 and the first land sales occurred in 1886.[7] The street names chosen for the town honoured some of its notable Aboriginal and immigrant residents. Toompany Street honoured the hero of the Sovereign wreck; while Kindarra Street was named after a respected Aboriginal woman (who later died after being forcibly moved to the Cherbourg Aboriginal incarceration site).[14][15] Streets were also named after Fernandez Gonzales, the Filipino dugong fisherman.

A supply boat called The Otter, which also carried tourists, ran between Brisbane's central business district and Amity from 1885 to 1946.[16]

Amity Point State School opened on 7 April 1919, but closed in 1920. On 22 February 1937, it reopened as Cylinder Beach Provisional School. After 8 months the school was relocated to a site approx 1.6 km (0.99 mi) from Amity Point, where it reopened on 19 October 1937 as Amity Provisional School, but closed on 2 September 1938. On 30 January 1951, the school reopened as Amity Point State School. It closed permanently on 19 November 1961.[17]

Amity Point Post Office opened around 1942.[18]

St Peter's Anglican Church was dedicated on 29 October 1957 by Venerable Frank Knight. Its closure circa 2018 was approved by Locum Bishop Godfrey Fryar.[19]

Amity was badly affected by coastal erosion due to tidal outflows, storms and vegetation removal. Around 200 metres of shoreline was lost at Amity from the 1890s up to the middle of the 20th Century, resulting in the town's racetrack, several properties and streets being permanently submerged by the waters of Moreton Bay. Rock seawalls completed in 1993 helped to preserve the remaining shoreline.[7]

Demographics

In the 2006 census, the locality of Amity had a population of 408 people.[20]

In the 2011 census, the locality of Amity had a population of 348 people, 50.3% female and 49.7% male. The median age of the Amity population was 53 years, compared to the national median age of 37. 86% of people living in Amity were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 4.4%, New Zealand 1.7%, Solomon Islands 1.2%, Papua New Guinea 1.2%, Latvia 1.2%. 98% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common language was 0.9% Yumplatok (Torres Strait Creole).[21]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Amity had a population of 387 people.[22]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Amity had a population of 453 people.[2]

Education

There are no schools in Amity. The nearest government primary school is Dunwich State School in Dunwich to the south. The nearest government secondary school is Cleveland District State High School in Cleveland on the mainland.[23]

Infrastructure

Amity has little infrastructure built by either the private or public sectors. Due to this, the town's populace have to end up driving to either Dunwich for health and schooling facilities, or going by ferry or boat to the mainland town of Redlands.[citation needed]

Public sector

The only government infrastructure for the town is a single jetty, a library, a community hall, a Fire Station and a post office. No schools or hospitals are found in the town. This, however, is not due to a lack of government investment for the town, but rather due to the very small size of the town. There are only eighteen roads in the town, with the majority of those very small. Claytons Road, often called Point Lookout Road by the locals, due to the road leading to Point Lookout, is the only road which gives access to Amity from the rest of the island.[citation needed]

The Redland City Council operate the Amity Point Library.[24] It is a very small library being only 22 square metres (240 sq ft) on the veranda of the local community hall and open only 9 hours each week.[25]

Private sector

Private sector investments on the town only cater for the large number of tourists which come to the island every holiday season to make use of the town's beaches. There is a caravan park that caters for the budget traveller in the town. The cricket club at Amity is the only investment by the private sector that is catered for the local populace of the town, though it still receives much business from tourists.[citation needed]

Environment

Koala in a eucalyptus tree at Cabarita Park, Amity (North Stradbroke Island)

Amity is surrounded by virgin forests to the south east and pristine beaches elsewhere.[citation needed]

Forests

The forests surrounding Amity are subtropical rainforests with a significant amount of diversity in both flora and fauna. This is despite the fact that North Stradbroke Island, along with Moreton Island to the north and South Stradbroke Island to the south, are made up entirely of sand, a substance that only a few, mostly monocotyledon plants have managed to survive in elsewhere in the world. The three islands also have species of ancient ferns that have survived only on these islands.[citation needed] The flowering rate of these ferns are very slow, and the trees are protected by Australian law so that only the Aboriginals, the original people of the island, may harvest them.[citation needed]

Beaches

Wobbegong Shark, Amity Point, 2021

The beaches around Amity township have been eroded heavily by the rainbow channel, but Flinders Beach, 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi) to the east, and the Wanga Wallen Bank approximately 500 m (1,640 ft) to the south are in pristine condition, with a range of wildlife from U-Tube worms to Wobbegongs, a small brown shark, all present.[citation needed]

Amity Point boasts some of the largest shark numbers in the world, though shark attacks are rare, with only one recorded fatal attack.[26] Despite the presence of shark drumlines, in places since 1997, a Brisbane woman was mauled to death by sharks while swimming in Rainbow Channel.[27] The species of shark remains unknown, with bull sharks suspected by an expert and tiger sharks suggested by locals.[28]

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Amity (urban centre and locality)". Australian Census 2021. 
  2. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Amity (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Amity – town in City of Redland (entry 540)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Amity – locality in City of Redland (entry 43639)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Heritage Trail". Stradbroke Museum. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  6. ^ "Quandamooka Language Map – North Stradbroke Island Museum on Minjerribah". Stradbroke Museum. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Carter, Paddy; Durbidge, Ellie; Cooke-Bramley, Jenny (1994). Historic North Stradbroke Island. Moorooka: Watson Ferguson. ISBN 0646203959.
  8. ^ a b Backhouse, James (1843). A narrative of a visit to the Australian colonies. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co.
  9. ^ "MEMORIES OF AMITY". The Brisbane Courier. No. 19, 766. Queensland, Australia. 28 May 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 16 January 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ a b Horton, Helen (1983). Islands of Moreton Bay. Spring Hill, Queensland: Boolarong Publications. p. 29. ISBN 0-908175-67-1.
  11. ^ a b "MEMORIES OF AMITY.—1". The Brisbane Courier. No. 19, 665. Queensland, Australia. 29 January 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 18 January 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ a b "MEMORIES OF AMITY". The Brisbane Courier. No. 19, 772. Queensland, Australia. 4 June 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 18 January 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "MEMORIES OF AMITY". The Brisbane Courier. No. 19, 778. Queensland, Australia. 11 June 1921. p. 17. Retrieved 18 January 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "MEMORIES OF AMITY". The Brisbane Courier. No. 19, 748. Queensland, Australia. 7 May 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 18 January 2026 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Aboriginal Deaths". cifhs.com. Queensland State Archives. Retrieved 18 January 2026.
  16. ^ Tony Moore (27 May 2016). "Brisbane CBD to Straddie flyer idea gathers steam". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  17. ^ Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  18. ^ Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List". Phoenix Auctions. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  19. ^ Anglican Church of Southern Queensland. "Closed Churches". Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  20. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Amity Point (SSC)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  21. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Amity Point (SSC)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  22. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Amity (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  23. ^ "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  24. ^ "Library opening hours and locations". Redland City Council. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  25. ^ "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  26. ^ "Deadly shark attacks in Australia: a timeline". Australian Geographic. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  27. ^ Lee Shipley (9 January 2006). "Amity Point shark attack: Bligh defends beach measures". BayJournal. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  28. ^ "Onlookers thought 'shark' cries were joke". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 January 2006. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  • Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877, State Library of Queensland- includes reports, letters and notes written about Amity Point and the Moreton Bay penal colony.
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