Cherokee County, Kansas | |
|---|---|
 Tri-State Marker (2006) | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Kansas | |
| Coordinates: 37°10′N 94°51′W / 37.167°N 94.850°W / 37.167; -94.850 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Kansas |
| Founded | February 18, 1860 |
| Named after | Cherokee Native Americans |
| Seat | Columbus |
| Largest city | Baxter Springs |
| Area | |
• Total | 591 sq mi (1,530 km2) |
| • Land | 588 sq mi (1,520 km2) |
| • Water | 3.5 sq mi (9.1 km2) 0.6% |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 19,362 |
• Estimate (2023) | 19,054  |
| • Density | 32.9/sq mi (12.7/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 620 |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
| Website | cherokeecountyks.gov |
Cherokee County is a U.S. county located in Southeast Kansas. Its county seat is Columbus,[2] and its most populous city is Baxter Springs. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 19,362.[1] The county was named for the Cherokee tribe. Cherokee County is considered part of the Joplin, Missouri, metropolitan area.
History
19th century
In 1803, United States acquired from France the 828,000-square mile Louisiana Purchase, the former French lands west of the Mississippi River, for 2.83 cents per acre. This territory included most of the land for modern-day Kansas.[3]
In the 1830s, the United States conducted Indian Removal of the Five Civilized Tribes from the Southeast region, to extinguish their land claims and allow European-American settlement in the area. They were given lands in what was called Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, mostly in present-day Oklahoma. This part of Kansas was included at the time in the Cherokee Neutral Lands, and the county was named after this tribe.
In 1854, the U.S. organized the Kansas Territory. Settlers began to move into the territory, with violence breaking out between supporters of slavery and those who wanted to abolish it. In 1861, Kansas was admitted as the 34th U.S. state; its constitution prohibited slavery. It was first founded in 1855, and in 1860, it was renamed Cherokee County.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 591 square miles (1,530 km2), of which 588 square miles (1,520 km2) is land and 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2) (0.6%) is water.[4]
Adjacent counties
- Crawford County (north)
- Jasper County, Missouri (east)
- Newton County, Missouri (southeast)
- Ottawa County, Oklahoma (south)
- Craig County, Oklahoma (southwest)
- Labette County (west)
Major highways
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 1,501 | — | |
| 1870 | 11,038 | 635.4% | |
| 1880 | 21,905 | 98.5% | |
| 1890 | 27,770 | 26.8% | |
| 1900 | 42,694 | 53.7% | |
| 1910 | 38,162 | −10.6% | |
| 1920 | 33,609 | −11.9% | |
| 1930 | 31,457 | −6.4% | |
| 1940 | 29,817 | −5.2% | |
| 1950 | 25,144 | −15.7% | |
| 1960 | 22,279 | −11.4% | |
| 1970 | 21,549 | −3.3% | |
| 1980 | 22,304 | 3.5% | |
| 1990 | 21,374 | −4.2% | |
| 2000 | 22,605 | 5.8% | |
| 2010 | 21,603 | −4.4% | |
| 2020 | 19,362 | −10.4% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 19,054 | [5] | −1.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[6] 1790-1960[7] 1900-1990[8] 1990-2000[9] 2010-2020[1] | |||
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 19,362. The median age was 42.4 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 20.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.4 males age 18 and over. 0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[10][11]
The racial makeup of the county was 85.1% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 4.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.8% from some other race, and 9.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 2.7% of the population.[12]
There were 7,853 households in the county, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 24.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[11]
There were 9,113 housing units, of which 13.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 73.7% were owner-occupied and 26.3% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.4%.[11]
2000 census
As of the 2000 census,[13] there were 22,605 people, 8,875 households, and 6,239 families residing in the county. The population density was 38 people per square mile (15 people/km2). There were 10,031 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (6.6/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.27% White, 0.61% Black or African American, 3.45% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 2.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.
There were 8,875 households, out of which 32.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.60% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.70% were non-families. 26.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.50% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 26.90% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 15.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,505, and the median income for a family was $37,284. Males had a median income of $29,045 versus $19,675 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,710. About 11.40% of families and 14.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.40% of those under age 18 and 10.60% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Presidential elections
For most of its history, Cherokee County had more of a Democratic lean in presidential elections than the rest of the state, particularly before 1968. Since then, it has only voted for Democratic candidates twice. In 1976 & 1992, it was their second and fourth best county in the state, respectively. From 1996 on, the county has swung powerfully Republican similar to the rest of Southeast Kansas.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| № | % | № | % | № | % | |
| 1888 | 2,935 | 45.62% | 2,038 | 31.68% | 1,461 | 22.71% |
| 1892 | 2,696 | 41.43% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,812 | 58.57% |
| 1896 | 3,505 | 40.20% | 5,108 | 58.58% | 106 | 1.22% |
| 1900 | 4,478 | 45.18% | 5,302 | 53.50% | 131 | 1.32% |
| 1904 | 4,586 | 55.81% | 2,253 | 27.42% | 1,378 | 16.77% |
| 1908 | 3,893 | 44.26% | 3,819 | 43.42% | 1,083 | 12.31% |
| 1912 | 1,994 | 26.54% | 2,641 | 35.15% | 2,878 | 38.31% |
| 1916 | 4,350 | 37.55% | 6,188 | 53.41% | 1,047 | 9.04% |
| 1920 | 5,466 | 55.83% | 3,832 | 39.14% | 492 | 5.03% |
| 1924 | 5,437 | 52.90% | 3,071 | 29.88% | 1,770 | 17.22% |
| 1928 | 7,478 | 66.20% | 3,442 | 30.47% | 376 | 3.33% |
| 1932 | 4,045 | 34.05% | 7,442 | 62.64% | 393 | 3.31% |
| 1936 | 5,445 | 40.61% | 7,894 | 58.88% | 69 | 0.51% |
| 1940 | 6,600 | 49.27% | 6,670 | 49.79% | 126 | 0.94% |
| 1944 | 5,458 | 54.65% | 4,468 | 44.73% | 62 | 0.62% |
| 1948 | 4,616 | 47.77% | 4,854 | 50.23% | 193 | 2.00% |
| 1952 | 6,261 | 57.37% | 4,597 | 42.12% | 56 | 0.51% |
| 1956 | 5,824 | 58.39% | 4,112 | 41.22% | 39 | 0.39% |
| 1960 | 5,753 | 56.45% | 4,366 | 42.84% | 73 | 0.72% |
| 1964 | 3,730 | 39.28% | 5,720 | 60.23% | 47 | 0.49% |
| 1968 | 4,211 | 47.46% | 3,597 | 40.54% | 1,064 | 11.99% |
| 1972 | 6,019 | 67.03% | 2,806 | 31.25% | 155 | 1.73% |
| 1976 | 3,957 | 42.93% | 5,154 | 55.91% | 107 | 1.16% |
| 1980 | 5,296 | 54.81% | 3,969 | 41.08% | 397 | 4.11% |
| 1984 | 5,801 | 60.72% | 3,663 | 38.34% | 89 | 0.93% |
| 1988 | 4,281 | 50.95% | 4,069 | 48.43% | 52 | 0.62% |
| 1992 | 3,589 | 36.78% | 4,083 | 41.85% | 2,085 | 21.37% |
| 1996 | 4,138 | 45.76% | 3,771 | 41.70% | 1,134 | 12.54% |
| 2000 | 5,014 | 54.92% | 3,783 | 41.43% | 333 | 3.65% |
| 2004 | 6,083 | 61.36% | 3,726 | 37.59% | 104 | 1.05% |
| 2008 | 5,886 | 60.90% | 3,594 | 37.19% | 185 | 1.91% |
| 2012 | 5,456 | 63.66% | 2,930 | 34.19% | 185 | 2.16% |
| 2016 | 6,182 | 70.91% | 2,005 | 23.00% | 531 | 6.09% |
| 2020 | 6,766 | 73.94% | 2,194 | 23.98% | 191 | 2.09% |
| 2024 | 6,584 | 75.33% | 1,970 | 22.54% | 186 | 2.13% |
Laws
Although the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 to allow the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with the approval of voters, Cherokee County voters chose to remain a prohibition, or "dry", county on Sunday until 2012.[15]
Education
Unified school districts
School districts based in the county include:[16]
- Southeast USD 247 (previously was Cherokee USD 247)
- Riverton USD 404 [1]
- Columbus USD 493 [2]
- Galena USD 499 [3]
- Baxter Springs USD 508 [4]
Other school districts include:[16]
Communities
List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Cherokee County.[17]
Cities
- Baxter Springs
- Columbus (county seat)
- Galena
- Roseland
- Scammon
- Weir
- West Mineral
Unincorporated communities
‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county. † means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau.
Ghost towns
- Treece, officially disincorporated in 2012[18][19]
Townships
Cherokee County is divided into fourteen townships. The cities of Baxter Springs, Columbus, Galena, Scammon, and Weir are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
| Township | FIPS | Population center |
Population | Population density /km2 (/sq mi) |
Land area km2 (sq mi) |
Water area km2 (sq mi) |
Water % | Geographic coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cherokee | 12800 | 336 | 6 (15) | 57 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.08% | 37°18′33″N 94°45′36″W / 37.30917°N 94.76000°W / 37.30917; -94.76000 | |
| Crawford | 16225 | 646 | 7 (18) | 94 (36) | 0 (0) | 0.24% | 37°9′21″N 94°47′11″W / 37.15583°N 94.78639°W / 37.15583; -94.78639 | |
| Garden | 25250 | 3,039 | 41 (105) | 75 (29) | 2 (1) | 2.80% | 37°2′55″N 94°41′18″W / 37.04861°N 94.68833°W / 37.04861; -94.68833 | |
| Lola | 42350 | 382 | 3 (9) | 115 (44) | 1 (0) | 0.50% | 37°10′25″N 95°0′15″W / 37.17361°N 95.00417°W / 37.17361; -95.00417 | |
| Lowell | 43075 | 672 | 20 (52) | 33 (13) | 1 (0) | 3.04% | 37°6′11″N 94°40′23″W / 37.10306°N 94.67306°W / 37.10306; -94.67306 | |
| Lyon | 43400 | 528 | 4 (11) | 130 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.08% | 37°2′19″N 94°52′37″W / 37.03861°N 94.87694°W / 37.03861; -94.87694 | |
| Mineral | 47000 | 254 | 3 (8) | 79 (31) | 0 (0) | 0.15% | 37°15′32″N 94°47′29″W / 37.25889°N 94.79139°W / 37.25889; -94.79139 | |
| Neosho | 49725 | 306 | 2 (5) | 157 (61) | 2 (1) | 1.08% | 37°3′15″N 95°1′37″W / 37.05417°N 95.02694°W / 37.05417; -95.02694 | |
| Pleasant View | 56675 | 658 | 5 (13) | 136 (52) | 0 (0) | 0.14% | 37°17′4″N 94°40′1″W / 37.28444°N 94.66694°W / 37.28444; -94.66694 | |
| Ross | 61350 | 893 | 6 (17) | 140 (54) | 1 (0) | 0.71% | 37°16′29″N 94°53′55″W / 37.27472°N 94.89861°W / 37.27472; -94.89861 | |
| Salamanca | 62575 | 569 | 6 (17) | 89 (34) | 0 (0) | 0.07% | 37°10′3″N 94°52′37″W / 37.16750°N 94.87694°W / 37.16750; -94.87694 | |
| Shawnee | 64475 | 505 | 6 (15) | 90 (35) | 1 (0) | 0.61% | 37°9′30″N 94°40′18″W / 37.15833°N 94.67167°W / 37.15833; -94.67167 | |
| Sheridan | 64625 | 249 | 1 (4) | 172 (67) | 1 (1) | 0.79% | 37°15′41″N 95°0′15″W / 37.26139°N 95.00417°W / 37.26139; -95.00417 | |
| Spring Valley | 67725 | 1,007 | 8 (21) | 122 (47) | 0 (0) | 0.36% | 37°3′11″N 94°46′5″W / 37.05306°N 94.76806°W / 37.05306; -94.76806 | |
| Sources: "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on August 2, 2002. | ||||||||
See also
- Community information for Kansas
- Kansas locations by per capita income
- List of counties in Kansas
- List of townships in Kansas
- List of cities in Kansas
- List of unincorporated communities in Kansas
- List of ghost towns in Kansas
References
- ^ a b c "QuickFacts; Cherokee County, Kansas; Population, Census, 2020 & 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ DeConde, Alexander (1976). This Affair of Louisiana. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 3–18.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2025.
- ^ a b c "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2025.
- ^ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2025.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
- ^ "Map of Wet and Dry Counties" (PDF). Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue. December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
- ^ a b "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Cherokee County, KS" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 21, 2024. - Text list
- ^ a b "General Highway Map of Cherokee County, Kansas" (PDF). Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT). May 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 1, 2024.
- ^ Rydjord, John (1972). Kansas Place-Names. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. p. 494. ISBN 0-8061-0994-7.
- ^ Former residents say goodbye to contaminated town of Treece; The Wichita Eagle; September 27, 2012. Archived September 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
- History of Cherokee County, Kansas; Biographical Publishing Co; 646 pages; 1904.
- Plat Book of Cherokee County, Kansas; Missouri Publishing Co; 35 pages; 1902.
External links
- County
- Cherokee County - Official
- Cherokee County - Directory of Public Officials
- Historical
- "Mined Lands" video
- Maps
- Cherokee County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
- Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
- Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
