| Monastery of Great Meteoron | |
|---|---|
Μεγάλο Μετέωρο | |
 | |
Location of the monastery in Greece | |
| 39°43′26″N 21°37′28″E / 39.72389°N 21.62444°E / 39.72389; 21.62444 | |
| Location | Kalambaka, Pineios Valley, Thessaly |
| Country | Greece |
| Denomination | Greek Orthodox |
| History | |
| Status | Monastery |
| Founder | Athanasius the Meteorite |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Architectural type | Monastery |
| Style | Byzantine (Athonite) |
| Completed | 1356 |
 Map of Meteora, with the six extant monasteries, as marked | |
| Part of | Meteora |
| Criteria | Cultural (i, ii, iv, v, vii) |
| Reference | 455 |
| Inscription | 1988 (12th Session) |
| Area | 271.87 ha (671.8 acres) |
| Buffer zone | 1,884.14 ha (4,655.8 acres) |
The Monastery of Great Meteoron (Greek: Μεγάλο Μετέωρο) is a Greek Orthodox monastery near the town of Kalambaka, in the Thessaly region of central Greece. It is located at the top of a rocky precipice over 415 metres (1,362 ft) above the Pineios valley floor.[1][2]: 11, 32 It is one of twenty-four monasteries that were originally built at Meteora.[a] The Monastery of the Great Meteoron is one of the oldest existing of the Meteora monasteries. Collectively titled Meteora, in 1988 the extant six monasteries were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.[3]
Geography
Twenty-four monasteries were built on rock cliffs in the deltaic plains of Meteora. The cliffs rise to a height of more than 400 metres (1,300 ft); and the Great Meteoron Monastery is sited 613 metres (2,011 ft) above sea level.[2]: 11, 32 The monasteries are situated in the Pineios Valley within the Thessalian plains, close to the town of Kalambaka. The rock cliffs, dated by chemical analysis to be 60-million years old, were created during earthquakes, and are of sandstone and conglomerate formations caused by fluvial erosion. The sediments were once in an inland sea during the Pliocene epoch.[4] The cliffs rose as a cone during the earthquakes, forming steep rock columns, known as "heavenly columns".[5] The area is hilly and forested, with river valleys, and a protected area known as Trikala Aesthetic Forest.[3]
Most of the monasteries were located near the Great Meteoron Monastery; however, both the monasteries of Saint Stephen and Holy Trinity are located further to the south.[6]
History
The history of building monasteries on top of perilous cliffs near Meteora occurred between the 14th and 15th centuries. Even prior to this, in the 11th century, religious communities had established hermitages at the foot of these cliffs. In the 14th century, the titular emperor of Serbs and Greeks, John Uroš, became a monk and moved to Meteora; he endowed, rebuilt and established monasteries here. During the political upheavals in the region during this century, monks retreated to the safe haven offered by the cliffs.[7] By end of the fifteenth century, there were 24 such monasteries, such as Great Meteoron, Rousanou–Saint Barbara, and St. Nicholas Anapausas.[7]
The Monastery of Great Meteoron was founded by Athanasius the Meteorite in 1356,[8] sponsored by the local lord Simeon Uroš, based in nearby Trikala, who that same year proclaimed himself Emperor of Serbs and Greeks following the death of Stefan Dušan.[9]: 414 During the ensuing century the region fell under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until the 1881 Convention of Constantinople by which Thessaly was taken over by the Kingdom of Greece.
As of December 2025[update], four of the original monasteries were occupied, including the Great Meteoron, Holy Trinity (Aghia Trias), St. Stephen (Aghios Stephanos), and the Varlaam Monastery;[3][5] and together with the Rousanou and St. Nicholas Anapafsas monasteries – extant, yet inactive – make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site, named Meteora;[3] inscribed in 1988.[10][11][12]
Emilianos (Vafidis) was the abbot of the Monastery of Great Meteoron from 1961 to 1973, when he moved to Simonopetra and became the abbot there. His disciple Alexios, later known as Alexios of Xenophontos, then became the abbot of Great Meteoron from 1973 to 1976. In 1976, Alexios moved to Xenophontos Monastery.[13]
Library
The Great Meteoron has the largest manuscript collection in Meteora. Out of 1,124 codices that were catalogued by N. Veis at the six Meteora monasteries, 610 were recorded at the Great Meteoron.[2]: 19
Nearby attractions
The Devil's Tower (39°43′31″N 21°37′36″E / 39.7252573°N 21.6266490°E / 39.7252573; 21.6266490 (Devil's Tower, Meteora)), a large towering rock, is located directly to the south of the monastery.[14] It is next to the ruins of a former monastery on Ypsilotera Rock (39°43′30″N 21°37′38″E / 39.7248841°N 21.6273571°E / 39.7248841; 21.6273571 (Ypsilotera)).[15]
See also
Notes
- ^ Meteora, translated from Greek, means "suspended in the air".
References
- ^ Poulios, Ioannis (2008). Living sites: the past in the present - the monastic site of Meteora, Greece: towards a new approach to conservation (Doctoral dissertation). Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
- ^ a b c Provatakis, Theocharis M. (2006). Meteora: History of monasteries and monasticism. Athens: Michalis Toubis Publications S.A. ISBN 960-540-095-2.
- ^ a b c d "Meteora". World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ Hellander, Paul; Amstrong, Kate (2006). Greece (7th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-74059-750-0.
- ^ a b "World Heritage List No. 455" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ Richardson, Rufus Byam (1907). Greece through the stereoscope (Public domain ed.). Underwood & Underwood. pp. 311–.
- ^ a b Hellander, Paul (2008). Lonely Planet: Greece. Lonely Planet. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-74104-656-4.
- ^ "Meteora". World Heritage Datasheet.
- ^ Savvides, Alexis G. C. (1998). "Splintered medieval hellenism: The semi-autonomous state of Thessaly (AD 1213/1222 to 1454/1470) and its place in history". Byzantion. 68 (2). Peeters Publishers: 406–418.
- ^ "Criteria". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Documents". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ Park, Tamara (2008). Sacred Encounters from Rome to Jerusalem. InterVarsity Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8308-3623-9.
- ^ Dorobantu, Marius (28 August 2017). Hesychasm, the Jesus Prayer and the contemporary spiritual revival of Mount Athos (Master's thesis). Nijmegen: Radboud University. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Node: Devil's tower (1333712577)". OpenStreetMap. 24 November 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ "Node: Υψηλοτέρα (1333712474)". OpenStreetMap. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
External links
Media related to Moni tis Metamorphosis tou Sotiros - Megalo Meteoro (Meteora) at Wikimedia Commons
