Ammonium azide

Ammonium azide

Names
IUPAC name Ammonium azide
Other names Ammonium trinitride
Identifiers
CAS Number	12164-94-2
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	8488511
ECHA InfoCard	100.032.093
EC Number	235-315-4
PubChem CID	61555
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10923913
InChI InChI=1S/HN3.H3N/c1-3-2;/h1H;1H3 Key: MXZUDRZKSUUQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [NH+4].[N-]=[N+]=[N-]
Properties
Chemical formula	[NH4]N3
Molar mass	60.060 g·mol^−1
Appearance	Colorless or white crystalline solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.3459 g/cm^3
Melting point	160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)
Boiling point	400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes)
Structure[1]
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic
Space group	Pman
Lattice constant	a = 8.930, b = 8.642, c = 3.800
Formula units (Z)	4
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Very toxic, explosive
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrite Ammonium cyanide Ammonium sulfamate Ammonium carbamate
Other cations	Lithium azide Sodium azide Potassium azide Rubidium azide Caesium azide Silver azide
Related compounds	Ammonia Hydrazoic acid Nitrosyl azide Chlorine azide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Ammonium azide is the chemical compound with the formula [NH₄]N₃, being the salt of ammonia and hydrazoic acid. Like other inorganic azides, this colourless crystalline salt is a powerful explosive, although it has a remarkably low sensitivity. [NH₄]N₃ is physiologically active and inhalation of small amounts causes headaches and palpitations. It was first obtained by Theodor Curtius in 1890, along with other azides.

Structure

Ammonium azide is ionic, meaning it is a salt consisting of ammonium cations [NH₄]⁺ and azide anions N−3, therefore its formula is [NH₄]⁺[N₃]⁻. It is a structural isomer of tetrazene. Ammonium azide contains about 93% nitrogen by mass.

References

1. Frevel, Ludo K. (1 January 1936). "The Crystal Structure of Ammonium Azide, NH₄N₃". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 94 (1–6): 197. doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.94.1.197. S2CID 100695095.

• Yakovleva, G. S.; Kurbangalina, R. Kh.; Stesik, L. N. (1977). "Detonation properties of ammonium azide". Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves. 13 (3): 405. Bibcode:1977CESW...13..405Y. doi:10.1007/BF00740326. S2CID 93777687.
• Salim de Amorim, Helio; do Amaral, M. R.; Pattison P.; Ludka I. P.; Mendes, J. C. (2002). "Ammonium azide: A Commented Example of an Ab Initio Structure (Re-)Determination From X-Ray Diffraction" (PDF). Revista de la Sociedad Química de Mexico. 45 (4): 313–319. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-06.
• Curtius, Th. (1890). "Ueber Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure (Azoimid) N3H". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 23 (2): 3023–3033. doi:10.1002/cber.189002302232.

Further reading

• Schmidt, Eckart W. (2022). "Ammonium Azide". Azides and Azido Compounds. Encyclopedia of Liquid Fuels. De Gruyter. pp. 893–900. doi:10.1515/9783110750287-011. ISBN 978-3-11-075028-7.