Black wheatear

Black wheatear
at Merzouga, Morocco
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Muscicapidae
Genus:	Oenanthe
Species:	O. leucura
Binomial name
Oenanthe leucura (Gmelin, JF, 1789)

The black wheatear (Oenanthe leucura) is a wheatear, a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is found in the Iberian Peninsula and western North Africa.

Taxonomy

The black wheatear was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus Turdus, coined the binomial name Turdus leucurus and specified the locality as Gibraltar.^[2] The specific epithet is from Ancient Greek leukouros meaning "white-tailed".^[3] Gmelin based his account on the "White-tailed thrush" that had been described and illustrated in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his multi-volume work A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham had examined a specimen in the Leverian Museum in London.^[4] The black wheatear is now placed in the genus Oenanthe that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.^[5]

Two subspecies are recognised:^[5]

• O. l. leucura (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – Portugal, Spain and south France
• O. l. riggenbachi (Hartert, EJO, 1909) – northwest Africa

Description

This large 16–18 cm long wheatear. The male of this species is all black except a white rump and mainly white tail. The female is similar, but dark brown rather than black. It has a loud thrush-like song.

The similar white-crowned wheatear (Oenanthe leucopyga) also breeds in the African part of the black wheatear's range, but the black wheatear has a black inverted "T" on its white tail, whereas white-crowned has only a black centre to its tail. The black wheatear never has a white crown, but young white-crowned wheatears also lack this feature.

Behaviour

卵、ヴィースバーデン美術館コレクション

北アフリカ西部とイベリア半島の崖や岩場の斜面で繁殖します。南フランスでは繁殖していません。^[6]主に留鳥で、岩の割れ目に巣を作り、3～6個の卵を産みます。このヒタキの餌は主に昆虫です。

参考文献

1. BirdLife International (2018). 「Oenanthe leucura」. IUCNレッドリスト絶滅危惧種. 2018 e.T22710259A132085979. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22710259A132085979.en . 2021年11月13日閲覧。
2. グメリン、ヨハン・フリードリヒ(1789)。 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: 第二次クラス、序列、属、種、特性、差異、同義語、座位 (ラテン語)。 Vol. 1、パート 2 (第 13 版)。 Lipsiae [ライプツィヒ]: Georg.エマヌエル。ビール。 p. 820。
3. ジョブリング、ジェームズ・A. (2010). ヘルム科学鳥類名辞典. ロンドン: クリストファー・ヘルム. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4。
4. レイサム、ジョン（1783年）『鳥類概説』第2巻第1部、ロンドン：リー・アンド・サザビー印刷、p.49、図版38。
5. Gill, Frank ; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela編 (2023年7月). 「チャット、旧世界のヒタキ」. IOC世界鳥類リスト バージョン13.2 . 国際鳥類学者連合. 2023年8月19日閲覧。
6. ムルギー、エンリケ (2020).ベレナのケラー。他。 （編）。ヨーロッパ繁殖鳥アトラス 2: 分布、豊富さ、変化。バルセロナ: 欧州鳥類センサス評議会とオオヤマネコのエディション。 p. 762.ISBN​ 978-84-16728-38-1。

外部リンク

• 老化と性別（PDF; 2.6 MB）Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze