Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019
Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019
Total eclipse
Totality viewed from La Serena, Chile
Map
Gamma−0.6466
Magnitude1.0459
Maximum eclipse
Duration273 s (4 min 33 s)
Coordinates17°24′S109°00′W / 17.4°S 109°W / -17.4; -109
Max. width of band201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:24:08
References
Saros127 (58 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9551

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 2, 2019,[1][2][3][4][5] with a magnitude of 1.0459. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.4 days before perigee (on July 5, 2019, at 6:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[6]

Totality was visible from the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand to the Pitcairn Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago and finally reaching the Coquimbo Region in Chile and central Argentina near sunset, with the maximum of 4 minutes 33 seconds visible from the Pacific Ocean. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Oceania, South America, and southern Central America. A total solar eclipse crossed a similar region of the Earth about a year and a half later on December 14, 2020.

Visibility

Animated path
Geostationary satellite view of the eclipse by NOAA's GOES East. Hurricane Barbara can also be seen in the northern hemisphere.

Following the North Americansolar eclipse of August 21, 2017, Astronomers Without Borders collected eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America and Asia for the 2019 eclipses.[7]

Totality travelled over areas with low levels of humidity and light pollution, allowing for very good observations. Several major observatories experienced totality, including the European Southern Observatory.[8][9]

Oeno Island

The first land surface and the only Pacific island from which totality was visible is Oeno Island, an uninhabited atoll in the Pitcairn Islands.[9]

Chile

Totality was visible in a large portion of Coquimbo Region and small parts of Atacama Region. Cities in the path included La Serena and La Higuera. Approximately 300,000 people visited La Serena to view the event.[8] Tickets to view the eclipse from the European Southern Observatory were sold for US$2000 each.[9]

Argentina

Totality was visible in the provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, San Luis, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Buenos Aires. Cities in the path included San Juan and Río Cuarto.[9] The path of totality finished at the Samborombon Bay, where the eclipsed sunset was observed from San Clemente del Tuyu.

Eclipse timing

Places experiencing total eclipse

Solar Eclipse of July 2, 2019(Local Times)
Country or territory City or place Start of partial eclipse Start of total eclipse Maximum eclipse End of total eclipse End of partial eclipse Duration of totality (min:s) Duration of eclipse (hr:min) Maximum magnitude
 ChileLa Serena15:22:2616:38:0816:39:1516:40:2317:46:322:152:241.0094
 ArgentinaSan Juan16:25:5117:40:2117:40:2917:40:3718:42:09 (sunset)0:162:161.0004
 ArgentinaBella Vista16:25:2617:39:2817:40:4317:41:5818:46:502:302:221.0179
 ArgentinaSan José de Jáchal16:26:2117:40:2017:41:1817:42:1618:46:03 (sunset)1:562:201.0072
 ArgentinaBragado16:33:4017:42:1617:42:5017:43:2418:01:09 (sunset)1:081:271.0028
 ArgentinaJunín16:33:3617:42:0417:43:0417:44:0418:04:19 (sunset)2:001:311.0105
References: [1]

Places experiencing partial eclipse

Solar Eclipse of July 2, 2019(Local Times)
Country or territory City or place Start of partial eclipse Maximum eclipse End of partial eclipse Duration of eclipse (hr:min) Maximum coverage
 TokelauFakaofo[a]06:41:18 (sunrise)06:47:4607:11:430:302.95%
 American SamoaPago Pago06:47:59 (sunrise)06:50:2007:27:060:3913.52%
 Cook IslandsRarotonga07:17:16 (sunrise)07:52:0608:53:091:3649.22%
 SamoaApia[a]06:51:27 (sunrise)06:54:5407:24:370:3310.70%
 NiueAlofi06:53:39 (sunrise)06:56:0407:37:300:4426.60%
 French PolynesiaPapeete06:56:4707:57:4909:07:212:1153.20%
 French PolynesiaGambier Islands08:01:3909:17:2710:45:062:4396.22%
 TongaNuku'alofa[a]07:18:47 (sunrise)07:21:1407:35:520:178.85%
 Pitcairn IslandsAdamstown09:07:2010:26:5511:58:022:5197.73%
Clipperton IslandClipperton Island10:25:5011:24:3112:23:061:5711.13%
 Falkland IslandsStanley16:21:1716:47:5616:52:15 (sunset)0:3124.89%
 EcuadorGalápagos Islands12:57:0014:15:3615:25:072:2834.22%
 NicaraguaManagua14:03:2614:16:0114:28:210:250.14%
 BrazilRio de Janeiro17:03:4517:16:1717:19:19 (sunset)0:168.36%
 Costa RicaSan José13:53:2414:21:1014:47:380:541.55%
 BrazilSão Paulo17:00:0517:28:2117:31:56 (sunset)0:3226.10%
 BrazilPorto Alegre16:47:5317:33:4217:36:26 (sunset)0:4958.48%
 EcuadorQuito14:36:1315:35:0816:27:461:5218.53%
 ChileSantiago15:21:2416:36:5917:43:402:2592.17%
 ColombiaBogotá15:06:5715:38:5016:08:451:023.18%
 PeruLima14:22:3415:39:2216:45:442:2353.83%
 UruguayMontevideo16:38:1517:41:3417:44:29 (sunset)1:0694.51%
 ArgentinaBuenos Aires16:36:2217:44:1917:54:01 (sunset)1:1899.73%
 ColombiaLeticia14:53:0415:46:4016:34:501:4218.67%
 BoliviaLa Paz15:38:5716:48:2817:49:192:1054.69%
 BrazilUruguaiana16:42:2317:48:4818:00:28 (sunset)1:1882.54%
 BrazilBrasília17:11:2417:49:2217:51:47 (sunset)0:4021.80%
 BoliviaSucre15:41:4216:50:0117:50:042:0858.71%
 ParaguayAsunción15:46:2616:51:2617:12:25 (sunset)1:2668.09%
 BrazilFoz do Iguaçu16:49:4317:52:2117:59:40 (sunset)1:1064.29%
References: [1]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[10]

July 2, 2019 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2019 July 2 at 16:56:22.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2019 July 2 at 18:02:19.5 UTC
First Central Line 2019 July 2 at 18:03:29.5 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2019 July 2 at 18:04:39.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2019 July 2 at 19:17:21.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2019 July 2 at 19:22:51.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2019 July 2 at 19:24:07.5 UTC
Greatest Duration 2019 July 2 at 19:25:18.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2019 July 2 at 20:43:33.5 UTC
Last Central Line 2019 July 2 at 20:44:46.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2019 July 2 at 20:45:58.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2019 July 2 at 21:51:48.1 UTC
July 2, 2019 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04593
Eclipse Obscuration 1.09398
Gamma −0.64656
Sun Right Ascension 06h46m14.8s
Sun Declination +23°00'36.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'43.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.6"
Moon Right Ascension 06h46m17.9s
Moon Declination +22°22'09.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'14.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'37.8"
ΔT 69.6 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 2019
July 2Ascending node (new moon)July 16Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipseSolar Saros 127Partial lunar eclipseLunar Saros 139

Eclipses in 2019

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 127

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2018–2021

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[11]

The partial solar eclipses on February 15, 2018 and August 11, 2018 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2018 to 2021
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117Partial in Melbourne, AustraliaJuly 13, 2018Partial −1.35423 122Partial in Nakhodka, RussiaJanuary 6, 2019Partial 1.14174
127Totality in La Serena, ChileJuly 2, 2019Total −0.64656 132 Annularity in Jaffna, Sri LankaDecember 26, 2019Annular 0.41351
137Annularity in Beigang, Yunlin, TaiwanJune 21, 2020Annular 0.12090 142Totality in Gorbea, ChileDecember 14, 2020Total −0.29394
147Partial in Halifax, CanadaJune 10, 2021Annular 0.91516 152From HMS Protector off South GeorgiaDecember 4, 2021Total −0.95261

Saros 127

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[12]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48
February 21, 1803March 4, 1821 March 15, 1839
49 50 51
March 25, 1857April 6, 1875April 16, 1893
52 53 54
April 28, 1911May 9, 1929May 20, 1947
55 56 57
May 30, 1965June 11, 1983June 21, 2001
58 59 60
July 2, 2019July 13, 2037July 24, 2055
61 62 63
August 3, 2073August 15, 2091August 26, 2109
64 65 66
September 6, 2127 September 16, 2145 September 28, 2163
67 68
October 8, 2181 October 19, 2199

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2076
July 1–2 April 19–20 February 5–7 November 24–25 September 12–13
117 119 121 123 125
July 1, 2000April 19, 2004February 7, 2008November 25, 2011September 13, 2015
127 129 131 133 135
July 2, 2019April 20, 2023February 6, 2027November 25, 2030September 12, 2034
137 139 141 143 145
July 2, 2038April 20, 2042February 5, 2046November 25, 2049September 12, 2053
147 149 151 153 155
July 1, 2057April 20, 2061February 5, 2065November 24, 2068September 12, 2072
157
July 1, 2076

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
March 14, 1801(Saros 107) February 12, 1812(Saros 108) January 12, 1823(Saros 109) November 10, 1844(Saros 111)
August 9, 1877(Saros 114) July 9, 1888(Saros 115) June 8, 1899(Saros 116)
May 9, 1910(Saros 117) April 8, 1921(Saros 118) March 7, 1932(Saros 119) February 4, 1943(Saros 120) January 5, 1954(Saros 121)
December 4, 1964(Saros 122) November 3, 1975(Saros 123) October 3, 1986(Saros 124) September 2, 1997(Saros 125) August 1, 2008(Saros 126)
July 2, 2019(Saros 127) June 1, 2030(Saros 128) April 30, 2041(Saros 129) March 30, 2052(Saros 130) February 28, 2063(Saros 131)
January 27, 2074(Saros 132) December 27, 2084(Saros 133) November 27, 2095(Saros 134) October 26, 2106(Saros 135) September 26, 2117(Saros 136)
August 25, 2128(Saros 137) July 25, 2139(Saros 138) June 25, 2150(Saros 139) May 25, 2161(Saros 140) April 23, 2172(Saros 141)
March 23, 2183(Saros 142) February 21, 2194(Saros 143)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
November 19, 1816(Saros 120) October 30, 1845(Saros 121) October 10, 1874(Saros 122)
September 21, 1903(Saros 123) August 31, 1932(Saros 124) August 11, 1961(Saros 125)
July 22, 1990(Saros 126) July 2, 2019(Saros 127) June 11, 2048(Saros 128)
May 22, 2077(Saros 129) May 3, 2106(Saros 130) April 13, 2135(Saros 131)
March 23, 2164(Saros 132) March 3, 2193(Saros 133)

Notes

  1. ^ abcThe times listed for this location occur on July 3, 2019, local time.

References

  1. ^ abc"July 2, 2019 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  2. ^"Chileans, Argentines see total solar eclipse". Albany Democrat-Herald. 2019-07-03. p. B7. Retrieved 2023-10-27 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "A NASA satellite caught yesterday's solar eclipse and a Category 4 hurricane at the same time — here's the video". Business Insider.
  4. ^Waters, Michael. "Photos Capture the Great South American Eclipse". Smithsonian Magazine.
  5. ^Strickland, Ashley; Picheta, Rob (July 2, 2019). "Stunning photos of the solar eclipse over South America". CNN.
  6. ^"Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  7. ^Cooper, Gael (2017-08-22). "Wait! Dig those eclipse glasses out of the garbage Here comes the sun. Astronomers Without Borders will be collecting the protective eyewear for use in future eclipses worldwide". Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  8. ^ ab"Total solar eclipse: thousands in Chile and Argentina marvel at 'something supreme'". The Guardian. 2019-07-02. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  9. ^ abcd"Total solar eclipse hits South America". BBC News. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  10. ^"Total Solar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 02". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  11. ^van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  12. ^"NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Additional sources

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