Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai)

Sultan Mahmud Khan
Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate
Reign	1388 – 1403
Predecessor	Soyurgatmish
Born	unknown
Died	1403 (1404)
Spouse	Sa’adat Sultan
Issue	Aqi Sultan Khanika Abu Sa'id
House	Borjigin
Father	Soyurgatmish
Religion	Islam

Sultan Mahmud Khan (Chagatai and Persian: سلطان محمود خان; died 1403) was the last Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate (1388–1403). He was a son of Soyurgatmish.

Upon his father's death in 1388, Sultan Mahmud was made khan by Timur, who also married Sultan Mahmud's mother.^[1] Like Soyurgatmish, Sultan Mahmud was completely powerless, and served as a puppet for Timur. Coins in his name were produced by Timur during his lifetime. Sultan Mahmud's death in 1403 marked the effective end of the line of Chagatai Khans in Transoxiana, who had long been mere figureheads anyway. Although Timur's grandson Ulugh Beg appointed khans as well, they were even less noteworthy, although one, Satuq Khan, was known for attempting to become khan of Moghulistan.

Sultan Mahmud was married to Sa’adat Sultan, Timur's granddaughter by his son Umar Shaikh Mirza I. His own daughter, Aqi Sultan Khanika, was married to Timur's grandson Ulugh Beg.^[2] Sultan Mahmud also had a son, Abu Sa'id, though the latter was overlooked by Timur as a potential successor to his father.^[3]

References

1. Jackson, Peter (2023). From Genghis Khan to Tamerlane: The Reawakening of Mongol Asia. Yale University Press. pp. 338, 342. ISBN 978-0-300-27504-9.
2. Woods, John E. (1990). The Timurid dynasty. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. pp. 28, 43.
3. Jackson 2023, p. 344.