Firsts in animation

This list provides an overview of animated productions that can be considered as first-time milestones in the development of animation techniques or in artistic or commercial success.

Early animation

Joseph Plateau's illustration of his invention in Correspondance mathématique et physique (1833)

17th-to-19th-century: Earliest animation, before film

Year Milestone Notes
1659 Introduction of the magic lantern by Christiaan Huygens, with moving images
1825 Introduction of the thaumatrope by John Ayrton Paris
1833 Introduction of the phenakistiscope The first device used for stroboscopic animation. Invented simultaneously by Joseph Plateau and Simon Stampfer
1866 Introduction of the zoetrope Similar cylindrical animation devices had already been proposed by Simon Stampfer (1833) and William Horner (1834)
1868 Flip book patented by John Barnes Linnett, under the name of "kineograph"
1877 Introduction of the praxinoscope by Charles-Émile Reynaud
1892 First theatrical animation in long strips Reynaud's Théâtre Optique (patented in 1888) at the Musée Grévin

Late-1890s-to-mid-1910s: Silent-era

Year Milestone Notes
1898 Animation on standard filmstrip Introduced by Gebrüder Bing for toy projectors, lithographed in colour by 1902
circa 1907/1912 Oldest known Japanese animation on filmstrip Katsudō Shashin
1914 Application for cel animation patent By Earl Hurd, granted in 1915[1]
1915 Application for Rotoscope patent By Max Fleischer, granted 1917[2]

Countries

Supercontinent Continent Country Work Type of Work Type of Distribution Type of Length Release/Premiere Year End Year Ref.
Africa-Eurasia EurasiaEurasia Europe Europe France France L'Aquarium Movie Theatrical Short 1878 N/a
Un bon bock Medium 1892 N/a
The Tale of the Fox Feature 1937 N/a
Joe the Little Boom Boom Series Television Quarter-hour 1960 1963
United Kingdom United Kingdom England England The Clown and His Donkey Movie Theatrical Short 1910 N/a
The Little Island Medium 1958 N/a
Handling Ships Feature 1945 N/a
A Rubovian Legend Series Television Halfhour 1955 1964
Wales Wales The Little Engine That Could Movie Direct-to-video Medium 1991 N/a
The Princess and the Goblin Movie Theatrical Feature 1991 N/a
SuperTed Series Television Quarter-hour 1983 1986
Scotland Scotland Sir Billi Movie Theatrical Feature 2012 N/a
The Family-Ness Series Television Quarter-hour 1984 1985
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Lifeboat Luke Series Television Quarter-hour 2008
Macropolis Movie Theatrical Short 2012 N/a
Germany Germany Rhythmus 21 Movie Theatrical Short 1921 N/a [3]
Judas & Jesus Medium 2009 N/a
The Adventures of Prince Achmed Feature 1926 N/a
Die Sendung mit der Maus Series Television Halfhour 1971 Present
Latvia Latvia Lietaina diena Movie Theatrical Short 1969 N/a [4]
The Gold of the Tigers Medium 1995 N/a
Ness un Nesija Feature 1991 N/a
Fantadroms Series Television Quarter-hour 1985 1995
Asia Japan Japan Katsudō Shashin Movie Theatrical Short 1907 N/a [5]
Momotarō's Sea Eagles Medium 1943 N/a
Momotaro: Sacred Sailors Feature 1945 N/a
The New Adventures of Pinocchio Series Television Quarter-hour 1961 1961
The Wizard of Oz Movie Direct-to-Video Feature 1982 N/a
Dallos Series Direct-to-Video Halfhour 1983 1984, 1985
Philippines Philippines A Boy Playing Yoyo and Girl Jumping Rope Movie Amateur Short 1953 N/a [6]
Libingan Theatrical Medium 2007 N/a
Adarna: The Mythical Bird Feature 1997 N/a
Tadhana Television 1978 N/a
Poptech Series Series Television Quarter-hour 1980 1984
Bangladesh Bangladesh The Story of a Village Movie Theatrical Short 1970s N/a [7]
Murgi Keno Mutant Medium 2011 N/a
Khoka Theke Bangabandhu Jatir Pita Feature 2021 N/a
Meena Series Television Halfhour 1991 2010
Thailand Thailand The Pumpkin of Nyefar Movie Theatrical Short 2004 N/a
hesheit Medium 2005 N/a
The Adventure of Sudsakorn Feature 1979 N/a
PangPond: The Future World Adventure Series Television 2002
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia World of Twitter Movie Theatrical Short 2014 N/a
But Where Does It Come From Direct-to-video Medium 1996 N/a
The Boy and the King Theatrical Feature 1992 N/a
Shadeed and Tammam Series Television Quarter-hour 2003 2003
African Union Africa Ivory Coast Ivory Coast Kimboo Series Television Quarter-hour 1989 1990
America South America America, South Argentina Argentina La intervención en la provincia de Buenos Aires Movie Theatrical Short 1916 N/a [8]
Little Red Riding Hood Medium 1965 N/a
El Apóstol Feature 1917 N/a
The Adventures of Hijitus Series Television Quarter-hour 1967 1996
Brazil Brazil O Kaiser Movie Theatrical Short 1917 N/a
O Dragãozinho Manso - Jonjoca Medium 1942 N/a
Amazon Symphony Feature 1954 N/a
Monica and Friends Series Television Quarter-hour 1976 Present
America, North Canada Canada The Wizard of Oz Movie Theatrical Short 1933 N/a
Stop That Tank! Medium 1942 N/a
The Enchanted Village Feature 1955 N/a
Cartoon Party Series Television Halfhour 1959 1962
Australia Australia Australia Leisure Movie Theatrical Short 1976 N/a
Australian History Medium 1971 N/a
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court Feature 1970 N/a
Arthur! And the Square Knights of the Round Table Series Television Halfhour 1966 1968
Transcontinental United States United States Humorous Phases of Funny Faces Movie Theatrical Short 1906 N/a [9][10]
The Einstein Theory of Relativity Medium 1923 N/a
Creation[11] Feature 1915 N/a
Jim and Judy in Teleland Series Television Quarter-hour 1949 1950
The Flight of Dragons Movie Direct-to-video Feature 1982 N/a
The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible Series Direct-to-Video Halfhour 1985 1992
Russia Russia The Cameraman's Revenge Movie Theatrical Short 1912 N/a [12]
In a Faraway Kingdom... Medium 1957 N/a
The New Gulliver Feature 1935 N/a
Happy Merry-Go-Round Series Television Quarter-hour 1969 2001
Egypt Egypt Nothing To Do Movie Theatrical Short 1936 N/a
East West? East West Medium 2009 N/a
The Boy and the King Feature 1992 N/a
Bakkar Series Television Halfhour 1998 2025
N/A New Zealand New Zealand The Frog, the Dog and the Devil Movie Theatrical Short 1986 N/a
Footrot Flats: The Dog's Tail Tale Feature 1986 N/a
Oscar and Friends Series Television Quarter-hour 1995 1996

Techniques

Animation

First films/television series to be created using various animation techniques
Type Form Media Title Release Date
Hand-drawn Paper Short film Fantasmagorie 1908
Cel Short film The Sinking of the Lusitania 1918
Feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 1937
Television series Crusader Rabbit 1950
Oil-painted Short film Conversation in Space 1961
Feature film Loving Vincent 2017
Digital ink and paint Short film Off His Rockers 1992
Feature film The Rescuers Down Under 1990
Television series Pac-Man 1982
Stop-motion Other Short film Matches: An Appeal 1899
Clay Short film The Sculptor's Nightmare 1908
Feature film I Go Pogo 1980
Television series The Gumby Show 1955[13]
Puppet Short film The Humpty Dumpty Circus 1908
Feature film The Tale of the Fox 1937[14]
Television series The New Adventures of Pinocchio 1961
Silhouette Short film The Sporting Mice 1909
Feature film The Adventures of Prince Achmed 1926
Cutout Short film Die Schöne Prinzessin von China 1917
Feature film El Apóstol 1917
Television series Captain Pugwash 1957
Rotoscoping Short film The Clown's Pup (Out of the Inkwell) 1919
Feature film Gulliver's Travels 1939
Television series Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle 1976
Digital CGI Short film A Computer Animated Hand 1972
Feature film Toy Story 1995
Television series ReBoot 1994
Flash Feature film Wizards and Giants 2003
Television series ¡Mucha Lucha! 2002
Machinima Short film Diary of a Camper 1996
Feature film The Seal of Nehahra 2000
Web series Red vs. Blue 2003
Motion capture Short film Adam Powers, The Juggler 1981
Feature film Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within 2001

Format, process and sound

Year Milestone Work Notes
1920 Animation produced using a photographic color process The Debut of Thomas Cat Using the Brewster Color process.
1923 Synchronized sound animations N/A Lee De Forest premiered a program of 18 short films using the Phonofilm sound-on-film process at the Rivoli Theater in New York City.[15]
1928 Fully synchronized sound and post-produced soundtrack Steamboat Willie A click track was used to set the same tempo for animation and soundtrack (Mickey Mousing).
1931 Feature-length film with synchronized sound Peludópolis Considered lost.
1932 Animation to use the three-strip Technicolor process Flowers and Trees
1937 Animation to use Disney's multiplane camera The Old Mill, short film. A predecessor of the multiplane technique had already been used for The Adventures of Prince Achmed. Ub Iwerks had developed an early version of the multiplane camera in 1934 for his The Headless Horseman Comicolor Cartoon.[16]
First animated feature film to use three-strip Technicolor Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
1940 Animation to use stereophonic sound Fantasia Recorded in Fantasound with 33 microphones on eight channels, but the reproduction of multi-channel Fantasound in theaters was eventually more limited than intended
1951 Stereoscopic 3D animations Now is the Time & Around is Around Abstract dual-strip stereoscopic short films by Norman McLaren for the Festival of Britain[17]
1952 Animated feature film presented in 3D Bwana Devil
1953 Animation presented in widescreen format Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom Short film; developed and released in CinemaScope.
1955 Animated feature in widescreen format Lady and the Tramp
1957 Animated TV series broadcast in color Colonel Bleep
1959 Syncro-Vox in animation Clutch Cargo
1960 First animation to use xerography (replacing hand inking) Goliath II
1961 Animated feature film to use xerography process One Hundred and One Dalmatians
1978 Animated feature presented in VistaVision Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo Process adapted for animation as "Anime Vision".[18]
Animated feature to be presented in Dolby sound Watership Down
1983 3D feature film - stereoscopic technique Abra Cadabra
Animated TV series to be recorded in Stereo sound Inspector Gadget
1989 TV cartoon to be broadcast in Dolby Surround sound. Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration
1995 Animated television series to be broadcast in Dolby Surround Pinky and the Brain
2000 Animated feature presented in IMAX Fantasia 2000
2007 Animated feature presented in 7.1 surround sound Ultimate Avengers Blu-ray release
2008 Animated feature designed, created and released exclusively in 3D Fly Me to the Moon
2009 Animated feature directly produced in stereoscopic 3D rather than converted in 3D Monsters vs. Aliens Completion using InTru3D
2010 Animated feature released theatrically in 7.1 surround sound Toy Story 3
2022 Animated feature film to aspect ratio opened up in IMAX Lightyear It opened up from 2.39:1 to 1.43:1 for select sequences of the film.[19]
2024 Animated series with IMAX aspect ratio Max & the Midknights Opened from 2.39:1 to 1.43:1 for select sequences.
First animated feature film in 2:1 aspect ratio Moana 2

Reception

Accolades

Year Milestone Work Notes
1933 First animation to win Best Animated Short Film at the Academy Awards Flowers and Trees
1938 First animated feature to be nominated an Academy Award Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs representing Best Original Score; it also received an Academy Honorary Award for Walt Disney.
1941 First animation to win competitive Academy Awards Pinocchio representing Best Original Song and Original Score
1951 First animated feature to win Golden Bear Cinderella Each award have genre-specific categories in only a year.
1961 First animated TV series nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series The Flintstones As of 2025, no animated series has won.
1989 First animated feature nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy The Little Mermaid It has currently nominated several films until 2006, which lasted The Incredibles in 2004.
1993 First animated feature to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy Beauty and the Beast It has currently won other two films until 2006, these including The Lion King and Toy Story 2.
First animated feature nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture As of 2025, no animated feature has won.
1994 First animated feature nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects The Nightmare Before Christmas
1998 First animated feature to win Japan Academy Film Prize for Picture of the Year Princess Mononoke[20]
2002 First Academy Award for Best Animated Feature winner Shrek Monsters, Inc. and Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius were also nominated.
2005 First animated feature to win Academy Award for Best Sound Editing The Incredibles
2009 First animated documentary nominated for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film Waltz with Bashir[21] As of 2025, no animated film has won.
2010 First animated feature nominated for the Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Picture RPG Metanoia[22] As of 2025, no animated film has won, although received a second runner-up prize instead.
2015 First animated feature to win Venice Film Festival for Grand Jury Prize Anomalisa[23]
2022 First animated documentary nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film Flee[24] It also nominated in the Best International Feature and Best Animated Feature categories, becoming the first film ever to be nominated in all three of those categories.
2024 First animated feature to win Gawad Urian for Best Film Iti Mapukpukaw[25]

Box office records

Year Milestone Film Notes
1992 First animated film to gross over $400 million Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs gross $418 million
1993 First animated feature to earn $500 million worldwide[26] Aladdin gross $504 million
1994 First animated feature to earn $750 million worldwide[27] The Lion King gross $768 million
1995 First CGI animated film to gross over $250, $300 million Toy Story gross $362 million
1998 First CGI animated film to gross over $363 million A Bug's Life
1999 First CGI animated film to gross over $400 million Toy Story 2 gross $485 million
2001 first CGI animated film to gross over $500 million Monsters, Inc. gross $525.4 million
2003 first animated film to gross over $800 million Finding Nemo gross $867 million
2004 first animated film to gross over $900 million Shrek 2 gross $924 million
2010 First animated feature to earn $1 billion worldwide[28] Toy Story 3 It is currently the highest-grossing G-rated film from 2010 to 2019, only to be surpassed by another sequel, Toy Story 4.
2013 First animated feature to earn $1.25 billion worldwide Frozen gross $1.29 billion
2019 First animated feature to earn $1.5 billion worldwide The Lion King (2019) Walt Disney Pictures, which produced the film, considered it to be live-action despite the entire film (aside from its opening shot) being computer animated.[29] Other sources deemed it to be animated based on specified criteria.[30] gross $1.66 billion
2020 First non-American animated film to topped the annual global box office. Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Mugen Train It also the first R-rated animated film to earn $200 to 500 million worldwide, surpassing the previous R-rated film Sausage Party (2016) with $140 million worldwide, which makes Demon Slayer: Mugen Train three times larger than the former in a box-office gross for a R-rated animated film, making it a rare feat.[31] It only occurs an non-American animated film to topped the global box office for five years.
2024 First animated feature film to earn $1.69 billion worldwide. Inside Out 2 Currently the highest-grossing Pixar film of all time as well as the second highest-grossing animated film of all time which was surpassed by Ne Zha 2.
First animated feature film to earn over $200 million at its 5-day opening weekend. Moana 2 It became the highest-grossing animated feature film of its opening weekend by making over $200 million.
2025 First non-Hollywood animated feature film to earn $1 billion worldwide.
First animated feature film to earn $2 billion worldwide.		 Ne Zha 2 It earned $2 billion in China and worldwide and is currently the highest-grossing animated feature film of all time.
First R-rated non-American and animated film to gross over $600 million mark Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Infinity Castle It also grossed over $700 million mark, surpassing the non-American live-action Detective Chinatown 3.

Other milestones

Year Milestone Notes
1924 First pornographic animation The Virgin with the Hot Pants, opening sequence for a stag film.
1928 Fully pornographic animated film Eveready Harton in Buried Treasure
1932 First hentai animation Suzumibune; first established with the term hentai, a Japanese animation and literature pornography. Considered lost.
1942 First film to use limited animation extensively The Dover Boys at Pimento University
1960 First primetime animated TV series The Flintstones[32]
1961 First animation to combine various types Conversation in Space. combines with collage and paint
1962 First animated TV special released on December or use in Christmas-themed Mr. Magoo's Christmas Carol[33][34]
1963 First computer-generated (CGI) moving image Simulation of a Two-Gyro Gravity-Gradient Attitude Control System by Edward E. Zajac at Bell Labs; animated line drawings for scientific purposes.
1964 First animated feature film based on a TV series Hey There, It's Yogi Bear!
First stop-motion television special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1966 First animated TV special released on October or use in Halloween-themed It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown
1969 First X-rated animated feature film A Thousand and One Nights, Japanese anime hit. Pornographic animations had already been made for the phénakisticope and the short film The Virgin with the Hot Pants (circa 1924)
1972 First CGI character A Computer Animated Hand by Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke at University of Utah
1973 First PG-rated animated film Fantastic Planet
First use of CGI in a feature film Westworld; used pixelated image processing to simulate robot vision.
1974 First R-rated animated feature film The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat
1976 First CGI short film Hunger (La Faim)
1978 First animated feature film to premiere on television Tadhana. It was broadcast once on Philippine channels GMA 7, RPN 9, and IBC 13 to commemorate the sixth anniversary of martial law, and was never released commercially in theaters until 2020s.[35][36][37][38]
1981 First motion capture character Adam Powers, The Juggler. The character was motion captured by Ken Rosenthal, a real juggler.[39]
1982 First direct-to-video animated feature film The Wizard of Oz
1983 First direct-to-video animated series Dallos. First original video animation
1985 First PG-13 rated animated film The Plague Dogs. Released in 1982, theatrically without a rating in the United States; home-video releases instead given a PG-13 rating in 1985, one year after the introduction of that rating.[40]
1986 First non-narrative animated feature film Sophie's Place
1993 First CGI series VeggieTales
1994 First CGI TV series Insektors
1995 First CGI feature film Toy Story. Faced challenges over CGI feature films meant to be the first, which includes The Works and Cassiopeia.
1997 First animated series produced for the Internet[41] The Goddamn George Liquor Program
First CGI TV special Santa vs. the Snowman
1998 First PG-rated CGI animated film Antz. The first two CGI films (Toy Story and Cassiopeia) and were G-rated.
2004 First cel-shaded 3D animation Appleseed
2005 First animated feature film shot with digital still cameras Corpse Bride. It was shot with Canon EOS-1D Mark II digital SLRs, rather than the 35 mm film cameras used for The Nightmare Before Christmas.
2006 First feature film to use CGI instead of stop-motion. Flushed Away; produced by Aardman Animations, entirely use with CGI for characters and visual effects in heavily contrast with stop-motion animation.[42]
2007 First animated feature film developed by one person Flatland. Filmmaker Ladd Ehlinger Jr. animated in Lightwave 3D and edited the film[43] by himself over the course of two years,[44] starting in 2005.[45]
2009 Stop-motion character animated using rapid prototyping Coraline
2012 Stop-motion film to use color 3-D printing technology for models ParaNorman
2013 First animated TV series solely created by a non-binary person Steven Universe on Cartoon Network.[46] Created by Rebecca Sugar, also the first woman to solely create a series on that network.[47]
2016 First R-rated 3D computer-animated film Sausage Party. While most previous R-rated animated films are 2D traditional, Sausage Party is officially recognized as the first R-rated fully CGI to be rated by MPA in years.[48]
2017 First fully-painted animated feature film Loving Vincent. 75% of it was animated using paint and brush to canvas in present after van Gogh's death, while the other 25% was also animated using paint and brush through rotoscoping, which only appears in flashbacks.[49]
2024 First animated feature film made completely with AI DreadClub: Vampire's Verdict. All visuals, performances, sound, music, and animation are AI-generated. July 2024.[50]
First animated feature film converted from planned TV series. Moana 2; Originally planned as a Disney+ series, converted to film due to the first film's 2023 streaming success.

See also

References

  1. ^ US1143542A, Hurd, Earl, "Process of and apparatus for producing moving pictures", issued 1915-06-15 
  2. ^ US1242674A, Fleischer, Max, "Method of producing moving-picture cartoons", issued 1917-10-09 
  3. ^ Madeleine, Anna (19 January 2015). "Phillip Johnston / The Adventures of Prince Achmed review: silent film revived with music". The Guardian. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  4. ^ Bendazzi, Giannalberto (2015-11-06). "Latvia". Animation: A World History: Volume III: Contemporary Times. CRC Press. pp. 144–147. ISBN 978-1-317-51988-1.
  5. ^ Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy. The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917. Revised and Expanded Edition.—Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press, 2006.—P. 12.—ISBN 978-1933330105
  6. ^ Mayuga, Sylvia L. (2005). "Chapter 5: Dancing With The Dictator". Huling Ptyk: Da Art of Nonoy Marcelo. The House Printers Corporation. pp. 65–84. Drawing board to our country's first full-length animation by Nonoy Marcelo.
  7. ^ "Bangladesh first animation". Education. Retrieved 2025-07-18.
  8. ^ Onorato, Amy (2019-05-28). "Animation Thrives In Argentina: A Brief History". IdeaRocket. Retrieved 2025-02-14.
  9. ^ Chaffee, Keith (October 28, 2019). "A Week to Remember: International Animation Day". Los Angeles Public Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  10. ^ Lenburg, Jeff (2006). Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film And Television's Award-Winning And Legendary Animators. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 348–349. ISBN 978-1557836717. Retrieved 2012-11-20.
  11. ^ Some sources claim that Creation (1915), by Pinto Colvig, was the first feature-length animated film, but no known copies survive, and the claim is disputed in mainstream animation history.
  12. ^ Peter Rollberg (2016). Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. US: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 591–593. ISBN 1442268425.
  13. ^ Solomon, Charles (1989). Enchanted Drawings: The History of Animation. New York: Random House, Inc. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-394-54684-1.
  14. ^ Finished in 1930 but not released until 1937 due to funding issues
  15. ^ Gomery, Douglas (1985). "The Coming of Sound: A History". In Weis, Elisabeth; Belton, John (eds.). Film Sound: Theory and Practice (PDF). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2025-07-18.
  16. ^ Pat Williams and Jim Denney (2004). How to Be Like Walt: Capturing the Disney Magic Every Day of Your Life. HCI. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7573-0231-2.
  17. ^ "Around Is Around (1951)". BFI. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018.
  18. ^ Original Movie Program Translation. The Mystery of Mamo. Discotek Media. 2012.
  19. ^ Har-Even, Benny (March 29, 2022). "Lightyear In IMAX Will Feature 1.43:1 Aspect Ratio Scenes". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  20. ^ "日本アカデミー賞公式サイト". www.japan-academy-prize.jp. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2025-07-23.
  21. ^ "Bashir Makes Oscar Cut|Animation Magazine". 14 January 2009. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  22. ^ "Metro Manila Film Festival:2010" Archived 2016-03-30 at the Wayback Machine. IMDb. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  23. ^ "Official Awards of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival". Venice International Film Festival. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  24. ^ Nordyke, Kimberly; Lewis, Hilary (February 8, 2022). "Oscars: Full List of Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  25. ^ Arnaldo, Steph (2024-06-08). "FULL LIST: Winners, Gawad Urian 2024". RAPPLER. Archived from the original on 2024-09-03. Retrieved 2025-07-23.
  26. ^ "Aladdin (1992)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
  27. ^ Brevert, Brad (May 29, 2016). "'X-Men' & 'Alice' Lead Soft Memorial Day Weekend; Disney Tops $4 Billion Worldwide". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  28. ^ Subers, Ray (August 29, 2010). "'Toy Story 3' Reaches $1 Billion Archived 2023-04-04 at the Wayback Machine". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  29. ^ Smith, Nigel (July 29, 2019). "The Lion King Director Reveals There's One 'Real Shot' in Hit CGI Remake". People. Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  30. ^ Whitten, Sarah (2019-12-09). "Disney calls 'The Lion King' live-action. The Golden Globes just nominated it for best animated feature". CNBC. Archived from the original on 2020-02-26. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
  31. ^ Alt, Matt (June 18, 2021). ""Demon Slayer": The Viral Blockbuster from Japan". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  32. ^ Woolery, George W. (1983). Children's Television: The First Thirty-Five Years, 1946–1981. Scarecrow Press. pp. 103–108. ISBN 0-8108-1557-5. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  33. ^ Hill, Jim (November 28, 2006). "Scrooge U: Part VI -- Magoo's a musical miser". JimHillMedia.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-19. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
  34. ^ Murray, Noel (2010-12-20). ""You will be visited by 69 spirits": 23 TV episodes based on "A Christmas Carol" | TV". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  35. ^ Marcelo, Nonoy (2022-07-16), Tadhana (Animation), Pandy Aviado, Estrella Kuenzler, Bert 'Tawa' Marcelo, archived from the original on 2024-12-01, retrieved 2024-11-17
  36. ^ Florentino, Maria Paulina P. (2018-07-20). "Re-animating Philippine Cinema: For Filipinos, By Filipinos". The Reflective Practitioner. 3: 37–57. ISSN 2467-5830.
  37. ^ Aviado, Pandy (2005). "Isang Balik-tingin sa Pagsasa-Animation ng Tadhana". Huling Ptyk: Da Art of Nonoy Marcelo. The House Printers Corporation. pp. 75–78.
  38. ^ Cabrera Asis, Love (February 16, 2017). "The Perforation in Philippine Animation Industry: Original Content Full Length Animated Films" (PDF). De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-12-04. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
  39. ^ Sito, Tom (2013). Moving Innovation: A History of Computer Animation. MIT Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0262019095.
  40. ^ "'THE PLAGUE DOGS' (Published 1985)". 1985-01-09. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30. Retrieved 2025-12-14.
  41. ^ "27th Annual Annie Award Nominee Showcase: Goddamn George Liquor Program". AWM.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  42. ^ "First look at Aardman's rat movie". BBC News. 16 February 2006. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2006.
  43. ^ "FAQ 8. I want to make an animated film too. Does Ladd have any tips?". flatlandthefilm.com. Ladd Ehlinger, Jr.
  44. ^ "The Interdimensional Construction of Flatland - The Computer Work" Archived 2013-01-23 at archive.today. flatlandthefilm.com. Ladd Ehlinger, Jr.
  45. ^ "The Interdimensional Construction of Flatland - The Music" Archived 2013-01-23 at archive.today. flatlandthefilm.com. Ladd Ehlinger, Jr.
  46. ^ Thomas, Paul (2023). Exploring the Land of Ooo: An Unofficial Overview and Production History of Cartoon Network's "Adventure Time" (Rev. ed.). Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. p. 139, 296 note 59.
  47. ^ "Rebecca Sugar – 30 Under 30: Hollywood". Forbes. December 17, 2012. Archived from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  48. ^ Hooton, Christopher (March 15, 2016). "Sausage Party trailer: First R-rated Pixar-esque animation involves swearing bagel voiced by Edward Norton". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
  49. ^ Macdonald, Fiona (16 October 2017). "Loving Vincent: The film made entirely of oil paintings". BBC. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  50. ^ "2024: The Year in AI". BFI Sight & Sound. December 12, 2024. Archived from the original on January 16, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
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