1979 Hazara Uprising

1979 Hazara Uprising
Part of 1979 uprisings in Afghanistan and Soviet–Afghan War
Date 1979–1981 Location Hazarajat, Afghanistan Result Hazara Victory DRA and Soviet Armed Forces forces expelled from Hazarajat Hazaras set up a de-facto state in Hazarajat
Belligerents
Shura-e-ittifaqi	Democratic Republic of AfghanistanSoviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Abdul Ali MazariSayyid Ali BeheshtiSayyid Muhammad Hasan	Nur Muhammad Taraki(1978–1979)Hafizullah Amin(1979)Babrak Karmal(1979–1981)Leonid Brezhnev

In late 1979, some Hazara-led parties gathered in Hazarajat to established the Shura-e-ittifaqi under the leadership of Sayyid Ali Beheshti.^[1] The uprising began and succeeded, all of Hazarajat was liberated and the Afghan government was expelled.^[2][3] The success of the new Hazarajat government was due to its support of the Hazara culture and values.^[3] After the uprising, Shura-e-ittifaqi ruled the Hazarajat from 1979 to 1982 followed by Sazman-i Nasr then Hezbe Wahdat that ruled Hazarajat until 1997. During this time, Hazarajat was more peaceful than other parts of Afghanistan.^[1] The uprising was also driven by Anti-Tajik and Anti-Pashtun sentiment among some Hazaras. ^{[4][5][6][7][8][9]} This was the most organized and successful Hazara uprising after several failed uprisings in the 20th century, providing the Hazaras with an organized government for the first time.^[3][10]

References

1. Sarabi, Humayun (2006). Politics and Modern History of Hazara: Sectarian Politics in Afghanistan. TUFTS UNIVERSITY. pp. 48–55.
2. Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
3. Mousavi, Sayed Askar (1998). The_Hazaras_of_Afghanistan__An_Historical_Cultural_Economic_and_Political_Study. pp. 50–51. doi:10.4324/9781315026930. ISBN 9781315026930. S2CID 159305144.
4. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08c47ed915d3cfd0012b4/wp6.2.pdf
5. "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY".
6. "Takhar - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School".
7. "Afghanistan's complex ethnic patchwork". 9 March 2011.
8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369553048_ASSESSMENT_OF_ETHNOCENTRISM_AMONG_AFGHAN_ETHNICITIES
9. "Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993".
10. Ruttig, Thomas (Nov 27, 2006). "Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902-2006)"(PDF). Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2010-01-09.

Aftermath

Following the uprising, the Shura-e-ittifaqi established an Islamic government controlling the majority of Hazarajat.^[1][2] The Kabul government attempted to undermine the new government in Hazarajat by using techniques such as divide and rule, and manipulating ethnic and tribal disputes but these failed.^[1]

See also

• Islamic Republic of Hazarajat

References

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