2010 Nobel Prizes

The 2010 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.^[1]

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.^[2][3]

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
	Andre Geim (b. 1958)	Russian British	"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"	[4]
	Konstantin Novoselov (b. 1974)

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
	Richard F. Heck (1931–2015)	American	"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"	[5]
	Ei-ichi Negishi (1935–2021)	Japanese
	Akira Suzuki (b. 1930)

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
	Sir Robert G. Edwards (1925–2013)	United Kingdom	"for the development of in vitro fertilization"	[6]

Literature

Awardee(s)
	Mario Vargas Llosa (b. 1936)	Peru Spain	"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"	[7]

Peace

Awardee(s)
	Liu Xiaobo[A] (1955–2017)	China	"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China."	[8]

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
	Peter A. Diamond (b. 1940)	United States	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"	[9]
	Dale T. Mortensen (1939–2014)
	Christopher A. Pissarides (b. 1948)	Cyprus United Kingdom

^A Liu Xiaobo's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in China.^[10]

Controversies

Peace

Led by pressure from China, several countries boycotted the awards ceremony in Sweden due to the Peace Prize's awarding to Liu. China also announced the inauguration of their own peace prize, the Confucius Peace Prize, to be awarded the day before the Nobel Prizes award ceremony.^[11]

References

1. "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
2. Royen, Ulrika (2013-06-01). "Video - 2010 The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
3. Walker, Peter (2010-12-10). "Nobel peace prize placed on empty chair in honour of Liu Xiaobo". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
4. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
5. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
6. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
7. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
8. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29.
9. "The Prize in Economic Sciences  2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2010-10-08. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
10. Jagland, Thorbjørn. "Award Ceremony Speech (2010)". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
11. Cowell, Alan (December 7, 2010). "19 Countries to Skip Nobel Ceremony, While China Offers Its Own Prize".