チャオ・チエン | |
|---|---|
| 生まれる | (1935-02-06)1935年2月6日 台湾 |
| 死亡 | 2018年10月8日(2018-10-08)(享年83歳) 台湾、台北[ 1 ] |
| 教育 | 国立台湾大学(学士、修士)コーネル大学(博士) |
| 職業 | 人類学者、民族学者 |
| 組織 | |
| 受賞歴 | |
喬健(中国語:喬健、ピンイン:Qiáo Jiàn、1935年2月6日 - 2018年10月8日)は、中国語圏に影響を与えた台湾の文化人類学者、民族学者である。
彼はインディアナ大学ブルーミントン校で人類学の准教授を務め、1980年に香港中文大学(CUHK)の人類学部の設立に尽力し、その後1995年に台湾の国立東華大学(NDHU)に民族関係文化大学院を設立した。
Chiao was regarded as a leading figure in Chinese anthropology and was honored as a "National Chair Professorships" in Taiwan as well as with "Lifetime Achievement Award in Anthropology" in China.[2][3]
Chiao was born in 1935 to a prominent family originally from Shanxi province in mainland China. He spent his early years in China and Taiwan, attending high school in Taipei. In 1954, he enrolled at National Taiwan University (NTU) as a history major but switched to the new Department of Anthropology in his second year. At one point he was the only student in his anthropology cohort, studying under renowned scholars such as Li Ji and Ling Chun-sheng.[4][5]
Chiao earned his B.A. in archaeology and anthropology from NTU in 1958 and an M.A. in anthropology in 1961. He then pursued doctoral studies in the United States, and in 1969 he obtained a Ph.D. in anthropology from Cornell University. His doctoral research included fieldwork among the Navajo people, reflecting his enduring interest in indigenous cultures.[6]
After completing his doctorate, Chiao joined the anthropology faculty of Indiana University Bloomington in 1966. He taught at Indiana University for a decade, becoming an associate professor and focusing on sociocultural anthropology. In the early 1970s, Chiao moved to Hong Kong and in 1976 began teaching at Chinese University of Hong Kong’s sociology department. He was a key figure in establishing anthropology as a discipline in Hong Kong. In 1980, he founded the Department of Anthropology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and served as its first chair until 1991. He was appointed a chair professor of anthropology (the CUHK’s first chair professor in anthropology) and remained on the CUHK faculty until his retirement from that university in 1994.
In 1995, Chiao returned to Taiwan to establish the Graduate Institute of Ethnic Relations and Cultures (Chinese: 族群關係與文化研究所) at National Dong Hwa University College of Humanities and Social Sciences. He served as the institute’s founding director from 1995 to 2000 and was a full professor in the institute through 2004. Chiao played a pivotal role in building NDHU’s programs in indigenous and ethnic studies. He was instrumental in the planning of NDHU College of Indigenous Studies, which traces its roots to the institute he founded and served as Director of Preparatory Office. During his career at NDHU, he served as "National Chair Professorships" from 2003 to 2006, which is one of highest academic honor in Taiwan and served as Founding Chair of Advanced Forum of Anthropology (Chinese: 人類學高級論壇) that is China's highest academic organization for anthropology. Chiao retired from academic career in 2005 and was named Professor Emeritus of NDHU College of Indigenous Studies that year.[7][8]
Throughout his career, Chiao also fostered anthropological research and collaboration beyond his home institutions. Notably, he founded the "Hong Kong Anthropological Society" (Chinese: 香港人類學會) in 1978 and served as its first president. In 1986, he co-founded the "International Yao Studies Association" (Chinese: 國際瑤族研究學會), reflecting his research interest in the Yao (Iu Mien) people, and served as its inaugural president. In 1994, Chiao helped establish a center for North China cultural studies at Shanxi University in his native Shanxi, serving as its honorary director. He was also a visiting or honorary professor at several institutions, including Minzu University of China and Shanxi University (both in 1990).
Chiao Chien’s scholarly work spanned the cultural anthropology and ethnology of both East Asia and indigenous peoples elsewhere. He conducted extensive fieldwork over six decades, studying a wide range of ethnic groups and communities. These included indigenous Austronesian peoples in Taiwan, minority nationalities in China (such as the Yao people), rural “bottom society” communities in China, as well as Native American groups in the United States (notably the Navajo). His comparative perspective led him to explore links between Asian and American indigenous cultures.
チャオは多作な著者であり編集者でもあった。中国語と英語で30冊以上の著書と研究論文、そして100本近くの学術論文を出版した。彼の著作の多くは、民族関係、社会組織、儀式と宗教、そして伝統文化の継続性に焦点を当てていた。例えば、博士論文『伝統の継続:ナバホ族と中国人のパターン』では、ナバホ族社会を比較的観点から考察した。彼はまた、オーストラリア国立大学のニコラス・タップ教授と共著した『中国における民族性と民族集団』など、影響力のある書籍も出版している。チャオの著作と指導は、中国語圏における人類学の発展に貢献し、台湾、香港、中国、そして海外の学術界を結びつけた。[ 9 ]
チャオ氏は中華圏における人類学の先駆者として広く尊敬されていました。台湾では、教育部が2003年から2006年にかけて、その学術的業績を認められ、国家主席教授(中国語:國家講座教授)に任命されました。香港では、 1994年に香港中文大学(CUHK)の初代人類学主席教授に任命されました。また、後年、数々の栄誉を受けました。2011年には、人類学高級論壇(人類学先進フォーラム)において、半世紀以上にわたるフィールド調査と中国人類学への貢献が認められ、第1回「人類学生涯功労賞」を受賞しました。2016年には、上海の復旦大学から、人類学部門の金叢生涯功労賞が授与されました。
喬建は、中国語圏を代表する人類学者の一人と称されることが多い。台湾の学術関係者は、彼を同世代の研究者の中でも最も豊富なフィールド経験を持つ研究者の一人と評し、李季、呉文藻、林耀華、費暁同、李易源といった先代の巨匠たちと比較している。彼は現地調査への献身と、文化理解への人文主義的なアプローチによって、影響力のある教師・学者となった。彼は後に人類学者となる多くの学生を指導し、台湾、香港、中国における人類学研究のための組織的ネットワークの構築にも貢献した。[ 10 ]
チャオ氏は2018年10月8日に台北で83歳で亡くなりました。[ 11 ]彼の訃報に対して、台湾、香港、中国の学界から人類学と民族学への生涯にわたる貢献を記念する追悼の声が上がりました。