GCM1

GCM1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ODH
Identifiers
Aliases	GCM1, GCMA, hGCMa, glial cells missing homolog 1, glial cells missing transcription factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 603715; MGI: 108045; HomoloGene: 2702; GeneCards: GCM1; OMA:GCM1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human)[1] Band 6p12.1 Start 53,126,961 bp[1] End 53,148,841 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9 E1|9 43.49 cM Start 77,959,206 bp[2] End 77,972,906 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in placenta decidua testicle sperm blood kidney tubule human kidney islet of Langerhans white blood cell metanephros Top expressed in syncytiotrophoblast embryo proximal tubule right kidney yolk sac trophoblast giant cell lumbar spinal ganglion human kidney metanephros More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity zinc ion binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific transcription factor binding histone deacetylase binding metal ion binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component transcription regulator complex nucleus Biological process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated anatomical structure morphogenesis positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription, DNA-templated multicellular organism development branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis astrocyte fate commitment positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II gliogenesis regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8521 14531 Ensembl ENSG00000137270 ENSMUSG00000023333 UniProt Q9NP62 P70348 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003643 NM_008103 RefSeq (protein) NP_003634 NP_032129 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 53.13 – 53.15 Mb Chr 9: 77.96 – 77.97 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Chorion-specific transcription factor GCMa is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the GCM1 gene.^[5][6]

This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein with a gcm-motif (glial cell missing motif). The encoded protein is a homolog of the Drosophila glial cells missing gene (gcm). This protein binds to the GCM-motif (A/G)CCCGCAT, a novel sequence among known targets of DNA-binding proteins. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain confers the unique DNA-binding activity of this protein.^[6]

In cancer patients, GCM1 expression has been linked to both higher and lower survival rates, depending on cancer type.^[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137270 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023333 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Akiyama Y, Hosoya T, Poole AM, Hotta Y (Jan 1997). "The gcm-motif: a novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93 (25): 14912–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14912. PMC 26236. PMID 8962155.
6. "Entrez Gene: GCM1 glial cells missing homolog 1 (Drosophila)".
7. "Research update from the MCM team (January 2025)". World Community Grid. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.

Further reading

• Yamada K, Ogawa H, Honda S, et al. (1999). "A GCM motif protein is involved in placenta-specific expression of human aromatase gene". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (45): 32279–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.45.32279. PMID 10542267.
• Nait-Oumesmar B, Copperman AB, Lazzarini RA (2000). "Placental expression and chromosomal localization of the human Gcm 1 gene". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48 (7): 915–22. doi:10.1177/002215540004800704. PMID 10858268.
• Yamada K, Ogawa H, Tamiya G, et al. (2001). "Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and the complete 22 kb DNA sequence of the human GCMa/GCM1, a placenta-specific transcription factor gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278 (1): 134–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3775. PMID 11071865.
• Yu C, Shen K, Lin M, et al. (2003). "GCMa regulates the syncytin-mediated trophoblastic fusion". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 50062–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209316200. PMID 12397062.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..805M. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
• Chen CP, Chen CY, Yang YC, et al. (2005). "Decreased placental GCM1 (glial cells missing) gene expression in pre-eclampsia". Placenta. 25 (5): 413–21. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.014. PMID 15081636.
• Baczyk D, Satkunaratnam A, Nait-Oumesmar B, et al. (2004). "Complex patterns of GCM1 mRNA and protein in villous and extravillous trophoblast cells of the human placenta". Placenta. 25 (6): 553–9. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.12.004. PMID 15135239.
• Schubert SW, Kardash E, Khan MA, et al. (2005). "Interaction, cooperative promoter modulation, and renal colocalization of GCMa and Pitx2". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (48): 50358–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404587200. PMID 15385555.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Yang CS, Yu C, Chuang HC, et al. (2005). "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (11): 10083–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M413986200. PMID 15640526.
• Knerr I, Schubert SW, Wich C, et al. (2005). "Stimulation of GCMa and syncytin via cAMP mediated PKA signaling in human trophoblastic cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions". FEBS Lett. 579 (18): 3991–8. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.029. PMID 16004993. S2CID 46648257.
• Chang CW, Chuang HC, Yu C, et al. (2005). "Stimulation of GCMa transcriptional activity by cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling is attributed to CBP-mediated acetylation of GCMa". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (19): 8401–14. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.19.8401-8414.2005. PMC 1265739. PMID 16166624.
• Chuang HC, Chang CW, Chang GD, et al. (2006). "Histone deacetylase 3 binds to and regulates the GCMa transcription factor". Nucleic Acids Res. 34 (5): 1459–69. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl048. PMC 1401512. PMID 16528103.
• Fujito N, Samura O, Miharu N, et al. (2007). "Increased plasma mRNAs of placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) and glial cells-missing 1 (GCM1) in mothers with pre-eclampsia". Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 55 (1): 9–15. PMID 16594548.
• Chou CC, Chang C, Liu JH, et al. (2007). "Small ubiquitin-like modifier modification regulates the DNA binding activity of glial cell missing Drosophila homolog a." J. Biol. Chem. 282 (37): 27239–49. doi:10.1074/jbc.M700351200. PMID 17646165.