Interleukin 34

IL34
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4DKC, 4DKD, 4DKE, 4DKF
Identifiers
Aliases	IL34, C16orf77, IL-34, Interleukin 34
External IDs	OMIM: 612081; MGI: 1923777; HomoloGene: 12648; GeneCards: IL34; OMA:IL34 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16q22.1 Start 70,579,895 bp[1] End 70,660,682 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8|8 E1 Start 111,468,461 bp[2] End 111,532,556 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tibial nerve skin of arm spleen skin of abdomen skin of leg sural nerve parotid gland vena cava buccal mucosa cell Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis Top expressed in superior frontal gyrus dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell zygote primary visual cortex right kidney lip secondary oocyte muscle of thigh proximal tubule embryo More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding cytokine activity growth factor activity protein binding identical protein binding Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of monocyte differentiation positive regulation of macrophage differentiation positive regulation of protein phosphorylation innate immune response inflammatory response positive regulation of cell population proliferation immune system process regulation of signaling receptor activity cytokine-mediated signaling pathway microglial cell proliferation positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 146433 76527 Ensembl ENSG00000157368 ENSMUSG00000031750 UniProt Q6ZMJ4 Q8R1R4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001172771 NM_001172772 NM_152456 NM_001135100 NM_029646 RefSeq (protein) NP_001166242 NP_001166243 NP_689669 NP_001128572 NP_083922 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 70.58 – 70.66 Mb Chr 8: 111.47 – 111.53 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken interleukin 34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons in mass, and forms homodimers. IL-34 increases growth or survival of monocytes. In cancer, IL-34 was shown to drive the migration of monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.^[5] IL-34 elicits its activity by binding the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human IL-34 is most abundant in spleen but occurs in several other tissues: thymus, liver, small intestine, colon, prostate gland, lung, heart, brain, kidney, testes, and ovary. The discovery of IL-34 protein in the red pulp of the spleen suggests involvement in growth and development of myeloid cells, consistent with its activity on monocytes. ^[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157368 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031750 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Emanuelli A, et al. (May 2025). "Targeting the IL34-CSF1R axis improves metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapy outcome via immune-vascular crosstalk regulation". iScience. 28 (6). PMID 40538439.
6. Lin H, Lee E, Hestir K, et al. (May 2008). "Discovery of a cytokine and its receptor by functional screening of the extracellular proteome". Science. 320 (5877): 807–11. Bibcode:2008Sci...320..807L. doi:10.1126/science.1154370. PMID 18467591. S2CID 44340470.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q6ZMJ4 (Human Interleukin-34) at the PDBe-KB.
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q8R1R4 (Mouse Interleukin-34) at the PDBe-KB.

Interleukin-34 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)