対流ドア（レブドアとも呼ばれる）は、床から天井まで（フルハイト）の内装ドアで、通常のヘッダーウォールの代わりに、標準のドアリーフと上部のリーフ（多くの場合、標準のドアリーフを半分に切断したもの）で構成されています。 [1] [2] [3]リーフは、トランサムによって分離される場合とされない場合があります。
寒冷気候では、暖炉やエアコンなどの中央熱源からの暖かい空気を効果的に建物内に対流させることができ、高価なダクトや強制換気設備を必要とせずに済みます。温暖気候では、メインドアを閉めた状態でも、冷気を自由に通すことができ、プライバシーと空気循環を独立して制御できます。[4]
トランサムドアは機能的に似ていますが、対流ドアはシンプルな構造のため、建設コストが大幅に削減され、また、大きな開口部が遮るものなく、より多くの空気を通すことができます。ダッチドアは構成は似ていますが、デザイン、プロポーション、金具、機能が異なります。屋外では換気、セキュリティ、家畜の侵入防止のために使用され、対流ドアは持続可能な建築におけるエネルギー効率の向上のために屋内で使用されます。
機能と使用方法
- 建物を通る暖かい空気の効率的な対流
- 涼しい横風の自由な通過
- 建物内のプライバシーと空気循環の独立制御
- シンプルで建設コストが非常に低く、上記の標準的なドアと壁とほぼ同等
- 部屋間のよりシームレスでオープンプランのようなつながり
The door may not be suitable in some situations due to poor acoustic privacy with upper leaf open. It is also not suitable for bathrooms, kitchens due to transfer of odours. Operation of the upper panel by people of shorter reach requires additional hardware.
History
Vertically divided doors have been in use for centuries, such as Dutch or Irish doors, transom doors, however those were typically external, serving a different purpose of ventilation and security.
The doors first appeared as unique design feature[5] in buildings by Australian architect Jiri Lev, who coined the term convection door.[1]
How Convection doors work
In buildings warmed air rises and progressively spreads from the heat source across the ceiling. As it reaches walls and cools down, it begins to descend and return to the heat source, to fill space created there by more heated air risen. Typical door openings do not reach above 0.5 to 1m below ceilings, thus allowing only limited amount of warm air to pass through into other rooms. Lev doors, like other floor-to-ceiling doors, span the full height of the room, enabling warm air to freely continue through.
Measurements indicate temperatures in secondary rooms with typical doors approximately 2-3 °C (3.6-5.4 °F) below those in primary rooms (rooms where heat source is located). Temperatures in secondary rooms with convection doors are typically equal to those in primary rooms.[6]
Where the lower panel of the door is often kept in the closed position, the full performance of the door can be maintained by a gap or screened opening in the panel close to the floor.
See also
- Dutch doors
- Ranma (architecture)
- Transom
- Other types of doors
References
- ^ a b Burgess, K (2024). "Homestead living". MODERN GREEN HOMES Sanctuary (68): 32–37.
- ^ "Types of door". Designing Buildings UK (Designing Buildings Ltd.). Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ "In profile". Sanctuary Magazine (60): 96. 2022.
- ^ McPherson, Emily (19 May 2024). "Tasmanian architect unveils DIY house, which can be built in six months for $150k". 9 NEWS. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ^ Keighran, Mandi (7 July 2025). "Budget Breakdown: How an Architect Built a Family Home in Tasmania for $72K". Dwell. Retrieved 7 July 2025.
- ^ Simmons, L (2024年5月). 「Make Any House Cost Less Both to Build And to Run」. BUILD (Connection Magazines) . 2025年1月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 2024年7月6日閲覧。
