ジョージア州の郡裁判所の一覧

アメリカ合衆国ジョージアは159 のに分かれており、これは254 の郡を持つテキサス州に次いで多い。ジョージア州では、郡庁所在地には通常、町の広場裁判所がある。ジョージア州の裁判所は、さまざまな理由で建て替えられてきた。裁判所は通常、自然な摩耗、南北戦争での破壊または地域社会の成長により現在の裁判所では対応できなくなったため、時間の経過とともに建て替えられてきた。郡庁所在地が移転された場合は、通常、新しい裁判所が建設された。ジョージア州の裁判所は、火災、竜巻、戦争、放火などの災害によっても破壊されてきた。災害に見舞われた郡裁判所の直近の例は、 2014 年 8 月にジョージア州ハンコック郡の裁判所が焼失した事件である。

歴史

ジョージア州の裁判所の建築様式は、時代や地域によって変化してきました。

南北戦争以前

辺境の郡では、最初の裁判所は丸太小屋のような構造であることが一般的でした。郡が裁判所を取得する際に、住宅を転用することは珍しくありませんでした。1900年代以前は、裁判所は教会や学校を兼ねることが多かったのです。ジョージア州の植民地時代には、この地域は教区に細分化されていました。一部の教区には郡裁判所に相当する施設がありました。ジョージア州には、1700年代に建てられた郡裁判所は現在まで残っていません。[1]

1800年代半ばには、裁判所が木造で建てられることが一般的になりましたが、それは原木の丸太ではなく、板状に加工された木材でした。ジョージア州タズウェルの旧マリオン郡裁判所と旧チャタフーチー郡裁判所は、ジョージア州に現存する木造裁判所のわずか2つです。どちらも現在は裁判所として使用されていません。人口の多い地域の郡庁所在地は、農村部の郡よりもレンガ造りの裁判所を建設することが多かったのです。地方特有の建築様式が一般的でした。ギリシャ復興様式も、南北戦争以前の郡庁舎でよく見られた建築様式でした。[2]

アメリカ南北戦争

During the American Civil War, twelve county courthouses were destroyed by Union troops. In June 1863, the courthouse of McIntosh County at Darien was destroyed by Union Troops along with most of the town. Dade County was destroyed in 1863 during the Chattanooga campaign. Catoosa County's courthouse at Ringgold was saved from destruction by William Tecumseh Sherman when he learned it was also a Masonic lodge.[3]

The courthouses of Cherokee County, Clayton County, Cobb County, Polk County, and Whitfield County were destroyed in 1864 during the Atlanta campaign. The courthouses of Bulloch, Butts, Screven County, Washington County, and Wilkinson County were destroyed during Sherman's March to the Sea in 1864.[4]

Bibb County Courthouse, Macon, Georgia circa 1876

Reconstruction to the 1920s

By the late 1800s, brick courthouses were more common than they had been earlier in the century. Many courthouses were being constructed in styles more elaborate than the typical vernacular architecture, which had previously been common. Neoclassical, Italianate, and Romanesque were the most common architectural styles of county courthouses during the late 1800s. High Victorian Gothic and Second Empire were also common.[5]

Works Progress Administration

During the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration assisted many county governments with building new courthouses and renovating older courthouses. Stripped Classicism and Colonial Revival were two of the more common styles during the 1930s.[6]

Post-World War II courthouses

After World War II, Neoclassical architecture had been surpassed by Modern architecture as the top style for new courthouses. When modern architecture was not used as the style of a new courthouse, it was often due to an attempt to replicate the appearance of a previous. By the 1980s, many counties began to replace their historic courthouses with judicial complexes. Most offices would be transferred to the new building, but some would remain in the old courthouses.[7]

Surviving original county courthouses

It is uncommon for counties to still have their original courthouse. The surviving county courthouses that were their county's first courthouse are:[8]

郡に以前の郡庁舎が現存することは珍しくありません。多くの以前の郡庁舎は博物館として再利用されています。郡に複数の以前の郡庁舎が現存したり、現在の郡庁舎の直前の建物以外の郡庁舎が現存したりすることは稀です。旧バートウ郡庁舎、1869年建造のクレイトン郡庁舎、フロイド郡庁舎、旧スポールディング郡庁舎などがそのような郡庁舎の例です。現在の郡庁所在地ではない町で唯一現存する郡庁舎は、ジョージア州タズウェルの旧マリオン郡庁舎です。[9]

最古の裁判所

ジョージア州で現存する最も古い10の郡庁舎は以下の通りである。[10]

現在、ジョージア州の郡庁舎として使用されている最も古い10の郡庁舎は以下のとおりです。[11]

郡裁判所一覧

See also

References

  1. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. ISBN 9780910694018.
  2. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. ISBN 9780910694018.
  3. ^ "Counties". GEORGIAINFO: An Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  4. ^ "Counties". GEORGIAINFO: An Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  5. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. ISBN 9780910694018.
  6. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. ISBN 9780910694018.
  7. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. ISBN 9780910694018.
  8. ^ "Counties". GEORGIAINFO: An Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  9. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. ISBN 9780910694018.
  10. ^ "Counties". GEORGIAINFO: An Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  11. ^ "Counties". GEORGIAINFO: An Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  12. ^ "Counties". GEORGIAINFO: An Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  13. ^ "Court House Burned". The Macon Telegraph and Messager. Macon, Georgia. September 9, 1876. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  14. ^ Wilson, Asia (October 29, 2018). "Baker Co. voting precinct destroyed during Hurricane Michael". WALB. Albany, Georgia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  15. ^ "Court House Burnt". Southern Recorder. Milledgeville, Georgia. February 26, 1861. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  16. ^ "Correspondence of the Morning News". Daily Morning News. Savannah, Georgia. May 28, 1856. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  17. ^ "Fire in Waynesboro". Central Georgian. Sandersville, Georgia. January 31, 1856. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  18. ^ "We are sorry to hear..." Georgia Courier. Augusta, Georgia. February 14, 1828. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  19. ^ "The court house". Bainbridge Democrat. Bainbridge, Georgia. December 17, 1891. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  20. ^ Huxford, Folks (1916). History of Clinch County, Georgia. Macon, Georgia: J. W. Burke Company. p. 46.
  21. ^ "Courthouse Fire Licks at Dynamite Cache". Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. May 4, 1952.
  22. ^ "The court house..." Houston Home Journal. Perry, Georgia. October 13, 1898. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  23. ^ "Courthouse Burns in Coffee County". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. November 26, 1938.
  24. ^ "Fire". Home Journal. Perry, Georgia. March 17, 1881. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
  25. ^ "Dade Court House Burnt". Savannah Daily Georgian. Savannah, Georgia. April 20, 1853. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  26. ^ "DeKalb Courthouse Destroyed by Blaze". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. September 14, 1916.
  27. ^ "Court House Burnt". The Georgia Telegraph. Macon, Georgia. May 18, 1847. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  28. ^ "Court House Consumed". Macon Telegraph. Macon, Georgia. January 5, 1898. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  29. ^ "Fire at Swainsborough". Daily Chronicle and Sentinel. Augusta, Georgia. May 5, 1841. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  30. ^ "Court House Burns Down". The Home journal. Perry, Georgia. June 5, 1919. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  31. ^ "Courthouse fire suspect denied planning arson". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. October 6, 1982.
  32. ^ "DOI Called on Cumming Courthouse Fire". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. November 7, 1973.
  33. ^ "Notice of Levy of Special Tax". The Brunswick Times. Brunswick, Georgia. September 22, 1897. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  34. ^ "'Twas not like Banquo's Ghost". The Brunswick Times. Brunswick, Georgia. March 4, 1897. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  35. ^ "To Welcome Friends In New Home". The Brunswick News. Brunswick, Georgia. February 23, 1908. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  36. ^ "Old Cairo Courthouse Burns Down". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. February 19, 1980.
  37. ^ "Court House Burned". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. September 15, 1871.
  38. ^ "FIRES!". Southern Banner. Athens, Georgia. December 25, 1851.
  39. ^ Womack, Amy (August 11, 2014). "Cause undetermined for fire that destroyed Hancock County Courthouse". Macon Telegraph. Macon Georgia. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  40. ^ Carter, Margaret-Ann; Key, Randy (May 11, 2016). "Hancock County Courthouse Rises From The Ashes". News Channel 6 WJBF. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  41. ^ "Burning of Heard County's Courthouse". Herald and Advertiser. Newnan, Georgia. March 16, 1894. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  42. ^ "Houston Has Had Three Courthouses In Its 153 Years". Houston Home Journal. Perry, Georgia. June 6, 1974. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  43. ^ "Court House Burnt". Southern Recorder. Milledgeville, Georgia. March 30, 1858.
  44. ^ "Another Court House Burnt". Southern Banner. Athens, Georgia. July 1, 1858. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
  45. ^ "Building A New Courthouse". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. March 13, 1904.
  46. ^ "Festival Scheduled April 1". Houston Home Journal. Perry, Georgia. March 23, 1978. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  47. ^ "We regret to hear..." Albany Patriot. Albany, Georgia. March 5, 1857. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  48. ^ "A Court House Burnt - Great Excitement - Valuable Documents Lost". Columbus enquirer. Columbus, Georgia. March 10, 1857. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  49. ^ "Festival Scheduled April 1". Houston Home Journal. Perry, Georgia. March 23, 1978. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  50. ^ "Another Fire". Savannah Daily Republican. Savannah, Georgia. November 13, 1845. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  51. ^ "Letter From Darien". Savannah Morning News. Savannah, Georgia. January 31, 1873. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  52. ^ "Mysterious fire rekindles history". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. December 13, 1981.
  53. ^ "Meriwether Keeps Sprouting New Courthouses". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. February 16, 1878.
  54. ^ Caldwell, Wilber (2001). The Courthouse and the Depot. Mercer University Press. p. 282. ISBN 9780865547483.
  55. ^ "State Items". Newnan Herald. Newnan, Georgia. January 26, 1867. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  56. ^ "Court House Burned". Georgia Constitutionalist. Augusta, Georgia. September 3, 1844. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  57. ^ "The following is an extract..." Chronicle and sentinel. Augusta, Georgia. October 16, 1838. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  58. ^ "Covingtons was the scene..." Early County News. Blakely, Georgia. January 3, 1884. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  59. ^ "Georgia Courthouse Is Razed By Flames". Butler Herald. Butler, Georgia. May 12, 1938. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  60. ^ "Arson Probed In Peach Fire". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. December 10, 1969.
  61. ^ "Incendiarism at Blackshear". Savannah Morning News. Savannah, Georgia. March 13, 1875. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
  62. ^ Dixon, Dawn (June 11, 2008). "Making a home out of history". Blackshear Times. Blackshear, Georgia. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
  63. ^ "Old Courthouse Being Razed". Butler Herald. Butler, Georgia. October 28, 1937. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  64. ^ "Georgia Town Has A Bad Blaze". Sandersville Herald. Sanderville, Georgia. January 14, 1897. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  65. ^ "Stewart County Courthouse Destroyed Fire Early Today". Daily Times Enterprise. Thomasville, Georgia. April 21, 1922. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
  66. ^ "They have a nice reason..." Butler Herald. Butler, Georgia. May 10, 1934. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  67. ^ Hilt, Kathy (February 6, 2024). "The End of Era; The Beginning of Another". Southeast Georgia Today. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  68. ^ "Twiggs Courthouse Was Burned to the Ground". Macon Telegraph. Macon, Georgia. February 8, 1901. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  69. ^ "Court House Burnt". Southern Banner. Athens, Georgia. May 15, 1856.
  70. ^ "Layfayette Courthouse Burned". Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. February 3, 1883.
  71. ^ Jordan, Robert H.; Puster, J. Gregg (1984). Courthouses in Georgia. Harrison Company. p. 171. ISBN 9780910694018.
  72. ^ "Destructive Fire at Waycross". Savannah Morning News. Savannah, Georgia. October 14, 1874. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  73. ^ "Disastrous Fire". Daily Morning News. Savannah, Georgia. April 27, 1854. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  74. ^ "Loss $60,000 in Big Blaze". Atlanta Georgian and News. Atlanta, Georgia. April 7, 1909. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  75. ^ "Sandersville in Ruins". Southern Recorder. Milledgeville, Georgia. March 27, 1855. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  76. ^ "Grand Jury Presentments". Central Georgian. Sandersville, Georgia. March 21, 1866. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  77. ^ "Webster Courthouse Damaged by Fire". Grady County Progress. Cairo, Georgia. October 2, 1914. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
  78. ^ "Burning of the Wilcox County Courthouse". Savannah Morning News. Savannah, Georgia. March 27, 1878. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  79. ^ 「裁判所…」Southern Recorder、ミレッジビル、1854年2月4日。 2017年5月14日閲覧
  80. ^ 「裁判所が焼け落ちる」アルバニー・ニュース、ジョージア州アルバニー、1879年1月30日。 2017年5月13日閲覧
  81. ^ 「裁判所が焼け落ちる」。ウィークリー・サムター・リパブリカン。ジョージア州アメリカス。1880年10月29日。 2017年5月13日閲覧
  82. ^ 「イザベラの火災」アメリカス・タイムズ・レコーダー、ジョージア州アメリカス、1893年8月10日。
  • GEORGIAINFO GALILEOによって作成されたオンライン ジョージア年鑑
  • 裁判所の歴史 ポストカードを通して米国の裁判所の歴史を紹介します。
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