ロイス・ハウ
ロイス・リリー・ハウ
生まれる(1864-09-25)1864年9月25日
マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ
死亡1964年9月13日(1964-09-13)（享年99歳）
マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ
母校
職業建築家
受賞歴アメリカ建築学会フェロー
練習するハウ・マニング・アンド・アルミー社

ロイス・リリー・ハウ（1864年9月25日 - 1964年9月13日）は、アメリカの建築家であり、マサチューセッツ州ボストンで初の女性のみの建築事務所を設立した人物である。

バイオグラフィー

木々に囲まれたコロニアルリバイバル様式の3階建て住宅の眺め
ロイス・リリー・ハウ・ハウス（1889-1964）、マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、アップルトン・ストリート6番地、アメリカ合衆国（国家歴史登録財）

ハウはマサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジに生まれた。1882年から1886年まで、ハーバード大学別館（後のラドクリフ大学）ではなく、美術館付属美術学校で学んだ。 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]その後、マサチューセッツ工科大学で建築学を学んだ。同大学は、土地特許制を採用していたため、1910年以前に女性を受け入れたアメリカの建築学校はわずか6校しかなかった。[ 5 ]ハウは1890年に卒業した。[ 6 ]わずか66人の生徒のうち、彼女は唯一の女性だった。[ 5 ]

After graduation she worked in the offices of Allen and Kenway (later renamed Allen & Collens). She placed second, after Sophia Hayden, in a competition to design the Women's Building at the Chicago World's Fair.[7] Howe opened her own architecture office in 1894. At first, her projects consisted of new or remodeled houses for friends and acquaintances, but her efforts soon began to pay off in more commissions. By 1900, she had enough work to set up an office in downtown Boston.[5] In 1907, she advocated for an innovative use of plaster, authoring articles in Architectural Review and Architectural Record.[7] She had a passion for history and architecture details, which emerged not only in her work, but also in a book she published in 1913 with Constance Fuller, another MIT graduate, entitled Details of Old New England Houses.[5] In 1913, she partnered with Eleanor Manning and in 1926 Mary Almy joined the firm which then became Howe, Manning & Almy, Inc.[1] Architect Eliza Newkirk Rogers worked for Howe before starting her own practice in 1913.[6] For a short time around 1920, the landscape architect Elizabeth Greenleaf Pattee worked for Howe.[6]

During her career, Howe was president of the Business Women's Club of Boston and president of the MIT Women's Association.[8] She served on the Boston Society of Architect's Small House Bureau, the AIA Committee on Small Houses, and was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Housing Association of Metropolitan Boston.[9] Howe was 73 when she retired in 1937;[8]Howe, Manning & Almy, Inc. dissolved and her partners launched independent practices.[10] Long after she finished practicing architecture, she continued to practice history, giving talks at the Cambridge Historical Society, trying to recall for younger members Cambridge as it was in her girlhood.[5] Howe died in 1964, just short of her one-hundredth birthday.[7]

Awards and recognition

She received her first acclaim in 1893 where she was a second place winning in the national competition for the Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exhibition in Chicago.[5]

In 1901, Howe became the second woman member of the American Institute of Architecture (AIA).[11] In 1931, she was elected the first female Fellow of the AIA.[8]

Many of their designs were featured in articles and books of House Beautiful and Architecture, extolling the best small houses.[5]

Projects

Originally, Howe founded her firm in Boston on Tremont Street in Boston taking commissions for renovations and new housing.[12] One early renovation was the Hooper-Eliot House in 1902, where she "added the broken scroll–pedimented doorway."[13]

木々の間から見える家の景色
Hooper-Eliot House, 1872, Sturgis and Brigham; 1902, Lois Lilley Howe. 25 Reservoir St.

With her firm partners, Howe, Manning & Almy completed over 426 commissions, 500 projects (most of which are still in existence) over 43 years of practice.[10] Lasting designs, careful craftsmanship, first-rate materials, and desirable locations have made their houses some of the most comfortable and attractive dwellings, as well as some of the most exceptional investments, in these geographic areas today.[5]

One of Howes first original designs was 1 Kennedy Road in Cambridge, MA. This home was dates to 1894 and was created by Howe for her newlywed friends. While the original building showed Howes untested design skills, in 1913 she renovated the home to the one still found today.[2][14][15][16]

Commission Number Building Name Year LocationOther Information Reference
243 Walnut Hill School1913 12 Highland St, Natick, Massachusetts 01760 [9]
398 Suffrage Coffee House 1917 [9]
408 Lucy Stone Hospital 1918 [9]
414 Boston Army and Navy Canteen 1918 [9]
537 The College Club of Boston1923 [9]
574 McCall's Magazine1923-24 [9]
586 Chec-R Shoe Store 1923 [9]
596 Women’s Republican Club 1924 [9]
640 Simmons University1925-26 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 [9]

Legacy

Lois Lilley Howe's papers reside in the collection for Howe, Manning, and Almy at MIT.[9] The Lois Lilley Howe photographic collection is housed at the Cambridge Historical Society.[10]

Further reading

Howe, Lois Lilley and Constance Fuller. Details from Old New England Houses. The Architectural Book Publishing Co., 1913.[17]

Maycock, Susan E. and Charles M. Sullivan. Building Old Cambridge: Architecture and Development. The MIT Press, 2016.

Merrett, Andrea Jeanne. “Lois Lilley Howe.” Pioneering Women of American Architecture, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, Oct. 2014

Nathanson, Larry. “Lois Lilley Howe: America’s First Woman Architect.” A City’s Life and Times: Cambridge in the Twentieth Century, edited by Daphne Abeel, Cambridge Historical Society, 2007, pp. 80–93.

References

  1. ^ ab"Lois Lilley Howe". Back Bay Houses: Genealogies of Back Bay Houses. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Pioneering Women of American Architecture". pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  3. ^"Lois Lilley Howe: Pioneer Career Woman, Architect, Cambridge Citizen". History Cambridge. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  4. ^"Constructing a Place for Female Architects: Lois Lilley Howe, Class of 1890 (from Technology Review)". MITARCHA. 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  5. ^ abcdefghCole, Taylor, Doris, Karen Cord (1990). The Lady Architects: Lois Lilley Howe, Elenaor Manning and Mary Almy, 1893-1937. New York City, NY: Midmarch Arts Press. ISBN 1-187675-01-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ abcSarah Allaback (23 May 2008). The first American women architects. University of Illinois Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-252-03321-6. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  7. ^ abcGilder, Karen Van. "Lois Lilley Howe -- NRHP Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
  8. ^ abc"Lois Howe, 99, Dies; Early Woman Architect". Boston Globe. 15 September 1964. ProQuest 275950161.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 「 Howe, Manning & Almy, Inc.の記録とLois Lilley Howe、Eleanor Manning O'Connor、Mary Almyの文書のガイド MC.0009」。libraries.mit.edu。2019年7月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 2017年9月30日閲覧。
  10. ^ a b c「Lois Lilley Howe写真コレクション（1884-1912）| Cambridge Historical Society」cambridgehistory.org . 2017年9月30日閲覧。
  11. ^ヘイズ、ヨハンナ『ルイーズ・ブランチャード・ベスーン：アメリカ初の女性建築家』マクファーランド、2014年、20-21頁。
  12. ^ 「アメリカ建築界の先駆的な女性たち」 . pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org . 2023年3月21日閲覧。
  13. ^ pls4e (2018年7月17日). 「フーパー・エリオット邸」 . SAH ARCHIPEDIA . 2023年3月21日閲覧。{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ 「オリジナルデザイン」 . History Cambridge . 2024年3月5日閲覧。
  15. ^ 「ケンブリッジ歴史ミニッツ：『ポッターハウス』の裏話」「 . Cambridge, MA Patch . 2016年11月18日. 2024年3月5日閲覧。
  16. ^ Damme, Marieke Van (2021年1月25日). 「ロイス・リリー・ハウは女性建築家の先駆者であり、彼女の家は今でも街中に残っている」 . Cambridge Day . 2024年3月5日閲覧。
  17. ^ 「Year 53 – 1913: Details from Old New England Houses, measured and drawn by Lois L. Howe and Constance Fuller | 150 Years in the Stacks」 . 2023年3月21日閲覧。

さらに読む

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