Nelson, British Columbia
City in British Columbia, Canada
Nelson
City
Historic Baker Street
Historic Baker Street
Coat of arms of Nelson
Coat of arms
Official logo of Nelson
Nickname: 
The Queen City
Motto: 
"Forge Ahead"
Nelson is located in British Columbia
Nelson
Nelson
Location of City of Nelson within British Columbia, Canada
Coordinates: 49°30′0″N 117°17′0″W / 49.50000°N 117.28333°W / 49.50000; -117.28333
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
RegionKootenays
Regional districtCentral Kootenay
Incorporated1897
Named afterHugh Nelson
Government
 • TypeElected city council
 • MayorJanice Morrison
 • Governing bodyNelson City Council
 • MPRob Morrison (CPC)
 • MLABrittny Anderson (BC NDP)
Area
 • Land11.93 km2 (4.61 sq mi)
Elevation
535 m (1,755 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total
11,198
 • Density1,552.3/km2 (4,020/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Forward sortation area
V1L
Area codes250, 778, 236, 672
Highways Highway 6
Highway 3A
Websitenelson.ca

Nelson is a city in British Columbia, Canada. The city is known for its collection of restored heritage buildings that date back to a regional silver rush in 1886.[2][3] Along with Castlegar and Trail, located approximately 44 and 69 kilometers from each other respectively, Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region.[4] The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay. It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston, and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Kootenay, Columbia.

History

Founding and Early History

Gold and silver were discovered in the area in 1867. The subsequent discovery of silver at Toad Mountain in 1886 led to a rapid expansion of the town's population, resulting in incorporation in 1897.[5]

To support the growing community, two railways were constructed to pass through Nelson. The town was structured as a transportation and distribution hub. Due to its proximity to major transportation corridors, Nelson became a supply center for local mining activities and the region's primary transportation and distribution center soon afterwards.[6]

Nelson was named in 1888 after Hugh Nelson, who was the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia at the time.[7] A dock for steamboats was built in 1892.[8]

Early 20th century

Nelson, 1900

Francis Rattenbury, one of BC's eminent architects, had designed the provincial Parliament Buildings and became the western division architect for the Canadian Pacific Railway. Rattenbury designed Nelson's courthouse and other chateau-style civic buildings made of granite, which still stand today. By the 1900s, Nelson had several hotels, a Hudson's Bay Company store, and an electric streetcar system. Local mining and later forestry industries also contributed to the town's economy.[9][3]

The town built its own hydroelectric generating system.[10] English immigrants planted lakeside orchards, and Doukhobors from Russia, sponsored by Tolstoy and the Quakers, tilled the valley benchlands. The Doukhobor museum is located nearby, close to the neighboring town of Castlegar.

From 1917 to 1920, Nelson used Single Transferable Vote (STV), a form of proportional representation, to elect its councilors. Councilors were elected in one at-large district. Each voter casts just a single vote using a ranked transferable ballot.[citation needed]

During the Vietnam War, many American draft evaders settled in Nelson and the surrounding area.[11] The town took on the nickname "Resisterville." This is chronicled in the 2014 book Resisterville by Kathleen Rodgers. Those U.S. draft evaders organized several intentional communities in the Nelson area—Harmony's Gate; The Reds and the Blues; and New Family.[12] As a successor to those intentional communities, in 1996, the Middle Road Community commune was founded in Nelson.[13]

Nelson's mountainous geography kept growth confined to the narrow valley bottom, except for specific hillside structures such as the local high school and the former Notre Dame University College (NDU) campus. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, when more prosperous cities were demolishing and rebuilding their downtown areas to the design of the time, Nelson merchants 'modernized' their buildings with aluminum siding.[3]

Baker Street

In the early 1980s, Nelson faced a severe economic downturn when the local Kootenay Forest Products sawmill was closed. Downtown merchants had begun competing with a large, regional shopping center, the Chahko Mika Mall, on Nelson's central waterfront. At the time, larger cities such as Victoria and Vancouver were undergoing historical restorations of their oldest areas.[3] Nelson began similar work, removing the aluminum exteriors and restoring buildings. Local American immigrant and designer Bob Inwood offered consulting services to the city.

In 1986, producer Steve Martin chose to produce his feature film, Roxanne, primarily in Nelson, using the local fire hall as a primary set. A walk down Baker Street through the Historic District is now one of Nelson's promoted visitor activities.[14]

Geography

Climate

Nelson has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and snowy, while summers are warm and drier, with cool temperatures during the night.[citation needed]

Climate data for South Slocan (~20km West of Nelson)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		30.0
(86.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		38.0
(100.4) 		41.0
(105.8) 		39.5
(103.1) 		36.1
(97.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		11.7
(53.1) 		41.0
(105.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6) 		3.6
(38.5) 		9.3
(48.7) 		15.5
(59.9) 		20.4
(68.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.5
(83.3) 		21.7
(71.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		4.8
(40.6) 		0.2
(32.4) 		14.1
(57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.7
(25.3) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		8.3
(46.9) 		12.7
(54.9) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		7.9
(46.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.1
(19.2) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		1.0
(33.8) 		4.9
(40.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		10.0
(50.0) 		5.8
(42.4) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		1.6
(34.9)
Record low °C (°F) −31.7
(−25.1) 		−30.6
(−23.1) 		−22.2
(−8.0) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		2.8
(37.0) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−11.0
(12.2) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−35.0
(−31.0) 		−35.0
(−31.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 94.0
(3.70) 		69.8
(2.75) 		62.4
(2.46) 		61.0
(2.40) 		68.2
(2.69) 		71.1
(2.80) 		54.4
(2.14) 		49.4
(1.94) 		51.4
(2.02) 		61.6
(2.43) 		104.0
(4.09) 		105.9
(4.17) 		853.2
(33.59)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 39.0
(1.54) 		48.4
(1.91) 		56.5
(2.22) 		60.3
(2.37) 		68.2
(2.69) 		71.1
(2.80) 		54.4
(2.14) 		49.4
(1.94) 		51.4
(2.02) 		59.8
(2.35) 		78.9
(3.11) 		42.7
(1.68) 		680.0
(26.77)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 55.1
(21.7) 		21.3
(8.4) 		5.9
(2.3) 		0.7
(0.3) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1.8
(0.7) 		25.2
(9.9) 		63.3
(24.9) 		173.2
(68.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 14.1 12.7 13.3 12.5 13.7 13.2 10.0 8.8 8.6 11.3 15.1 14.6 147.8
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 6.8 8.9 12.4 12.5 13.7 13.2 10.0 8.8 8.6 11.2 12.2 5.7 123.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 9.2 4.8 1.8 0.24 0 0 0 0 0 0.38 4.9 10.2 31.5
Source: Environment Canada[15]

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Nelson had a population of 11,198 living in 4,948 of its 5,314 total private dwellings, an increase of 5.1% from its 2016 population of 10,572. With a land area of 11.93 km2 (4.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 938.6/km2 (2,431.1/sq mi) in 2021.[16]

Nelson's poverty rate has been ascertained to be more than twice the provincial and national averages.[17]

Ethnicity

Panethnic groups in the City of Nelson (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group 		2021[18] 2016[19] 2011[20] 2006[21] 2001[22]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 9,135 85.17% 9,160 89.32% 9,270 92.89% 8,440 92.9% 8,690 94.82%
Indigenous 585 5.45% 560 5.46% 425 4.26% 300 3.3% 175 1.91%
East Asian[b] 275 2.56% 210 2.05% 165 1.65% 165 1.82% 165 1.8%
South Asian 245 2.28% 85 0.83% 55 0.55% 90 0.99% 35 0.38%
Southeast Asian[c] 215 2% 70 0.68% 0 0% 10 0.11% 10 0.11%
Latin American 90 0.84% 60 0.59% 25 0.25% 30 0.33% 10 0.11%
African 80 0.75% 60 0.59% 15 0.15% 30 0.33% 25 0.27%
Middle Eastern[d] 10 0.09% 10 0.1% 0 0% 0 0% 35 0.38%
Other/Multiracial[e] 75 0.7% 55 0.54% 0 0% 25 0.28% 30 0.33%
Total responses 10,725 96.57% 10,255 97% 9,980 97.56% 9,085 98.13% 9,165 98.57%
Total population 11,106 100% 10,572 100% 10,230 100% 9,258 100% 9,298 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Religion

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Nelson included:[18]

Economy

Nelson’s economy has traditionally been shaped by forestry and other extractive industries. Although these sectors play a smaller role than they once did, they remain part of the local economic base. Nelson also functions as an administrative center for the Kootenays, with regional offices of both provincial and federal government located in the city. Tourism has grown in importance and is now a key contributor to the local economy.[23]

The city has a long-standing arts and crafts community.[24]

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Nelson and the surrounding region were widely reported as centers of illegal marijuana production. In 2010, The Guardian noted that wealth generated through marijuana cultivation contributed to the city’s shift from a forestry-based economy toward one associated with arts, culture, and outdoor recreation, and that the effects of the global economic downturn were less visible locally at that time.[25]

Nelson has a notable concentration of retailers specializing in natural and organic foods.[26] The Kootenay Co-op operates a year-round market and grocery store focused on natural foods,[26] while the local Save-On-Foods includes an expanded selection of organic products.[27] Local manufacturing includes the Nelson Brewing Company, a microbrewery based in the city.[25]

Arts and culture

Nelson is designated as a cultural center.[28]

For many decades, Nelson has benefited from art education opportunities. High-school-level art classes had always existed.[29] An independent Nelson School of Fine Art, led by Yugoslavian immigrant Zeljko Kujundzic, began to offer two-week programs in a provisional fashion, in 1960.[30] When NSFA progressed to offering an expanded program toward a diploma, it was renamed Kootenay School of Art; it was British Columbia's first art school and received support from the provincial government. In 1969, the school's studio training was relocated into the city's Notre Dame University campus. In 1972, direct support from the province for its programs ended. Soon thereafter, while remaining in Notre Dame's location, the school was steered into a "trial" merger with the regional Selkirk College. Once the school was fully merged into Selkirk College, it began offering graduate internships and became affiliated with Eastern Washington State College.[31]

When Notre Dame University closed in 1977, so did the Kootenay School of Art.[31] It was succeeded in 1979 by offerings of the University of Victoria-sponsored David Thompson University Centre in the former Notre Dame buildings. In 1991, an independent institution emphasizing fine crafts, Kootenay School of the Arts, was founded. A few years later, the school secured possession of a spacious stone heritage building in Nelson's central area. In 2006, the school was absorbed by Selkirk College as a department, remaining in its own building but renamed Kootenay Studio Arts.[31] (In addition, since the 1990s Selkirk College has offered its School of Music & Media programs in the former Notre Dame buildings.)

In 2002, former writing and visual-art faculty from the Kootenay School of the Arts founded the independent, artist-run Nelson Fine Art Centre Society. In 2005, the Society opened the Oxygen Art Centre in downtown Nelson, offering classes, exhibitions, and residencies.[32]

The stately 1902 building at 502 Vernon Street, home to the Nelson Museum, Archives & Gallery (NMAG), provides gallery space for travelling exhibitions and work by some of the region's artists.

Attractions

In 1998, Nelson was highlighted as the "Number One Small Town Arts Community in Canada" by the publisher of The 100 Best Small Arts Towns in America,[33] and is home to a large and diverse artisan community.[33]

Artwalk, an event displaying local artwork, takes place annually. Exhibitions take place from July to September.[34]

Nelson Marketfest

The Nelson Farmers Market, located at Cottonwood Falls Park takes place every Saturday from May through October. The Downtown Farmers Market happens on Baker Street every Wednesday from June through September. Market Night, a nighttime street market in the heart of Nelson's downtown, happens twice each summer.[citation needed]

Two local hiking trails are popular. The Pulpit Rock Trail offers a short hike that ends with a view of the city. After Pulpit Rock, the trail continues up the spine of Elephant Mountain (an informal local name for Mount Nelson) eventually to the radio towers visible everywhere in the city. Public access to the Pulpit Rock trail has been restored with the opening. In the spring of 2009, a new access point was established several hundred meters west of the old trailhead, which was on private land. [citation needed]

In the winter, skiing and snowboarding are Nelson's primary outdoor activities. Thirty minutes south of town is the Whitewater Ski Resort, which provides access (via one triple chairlift, one double chairlift, one quad chairlift, and a handle tow) to 396 vertical metres (1,299 ft) of beginner-to-advanced terrain. In 2012, Nelson and Rossland, a small city southwest of Nelson, were jointly voted the best ski locales in North America by the readers of California-based Powder magazine.[35]

Mountain biking is part of the local culture, and Nelson offers mountain bike-oriented trails for a variety of experience levels.[citation needed]

Rock climbing is also a popular summer activity. Kootenay Crag, Hall Siding, Grohman Narrows, and CIC Bluffs are popular city crags. Slocan Bluffs and Kinnaird are in nearby Slocan City and Castlegar. The year 2003 saw bouldering take off in Nelson, with extensive new development of bouldering areas in Grohman Narrows and nearby Robson.[citation needed]

Nelson is also located close to Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park.[36]

On January 13, 2007, Nelson was the broadcast location for the annual Hockey Day in Canada special.[citation needed]

Sports

Club League Sport Venue Established Championships
Nelson Leafs KIJHL Ice Hockey Nelson Community Complex 1932 5

Infrastructure

Transportation

The "Big Orange Bridge" carries Highway 3A over the Kootenay Lake (West Arm) just north of downtown.

Highways 3A and 6 pass through Nelson, while a scheduled commercial airline service is available at the West Kootenay Regional Airport in Castlegar, approximately 43 kilometres (27 mi) southwest of the city. Trail Airport is another nearby airport, while Nelson Airport is several blocks away from downtown Nelson. Public transit in Nelson is provided by the West Kootenay Transit System, which runs several routes within the city and to neighboring communities.[citation needed]

Both Level 2 and Level 3 (DC fast-charging) electric vehicle charging stations have been installed in the city. A carsharing service is available in the town through the Kootenay Carshare Co-operative.[citation needed]

Nelson Pier is a lake pier designed by Matthew Stanley in Nelson. The pier symbolizes the connection between the city and the lake.[37]

Nelson is served by the freight-only Kootenay Valley Railway, an internal business unit of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Nelson is the historic headquarters of the CPR Kootenay Division, serving as the meeting point of the CPR Boundary subdivision running towards Castlegar, British Columbia, and the CPR Nelson subdivision running towards Cranbrook.[citation needed]

Education

School District 8 Kootenay Lake operates public schools in Nelson and surrounding communities.

Schools include Nelson Christian Community School (NCCS), K-Gr. 8, and St. Joseph's Catholic School.[38]

The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one French-language school: école des Sentiers-alpins.[39]

Nelson is home to the Tenth Street and Silver King campuses of Selkirk College, which absorbed Kootenay School of the Arts as a department and was renamed Kootenay Studio Arts.[40]

Kootenay Columbia College of Integrative Health Sciences has three campuses on Baker Street in Nelson.[41]

Media

Radio

Print

The Nelson Daily News was a local newspaper that began publishing in 1902. In 2010, it was announced the paper would cease publication, with the final edition of the newspaper published on July 16, 2010.[42] The closure occurred shortly after the Nelson Daily News' acquisition by Black Press, which purchased the paper from Glacier Media Inc.[43][44]

Black Press prioritized the publication and circulation of the Nelson Star, which is published twice-weekly, on Wednesdays and Fridays. It started being published twice-weekly in 2010. The Nelson Star now circulates to over 9,000 recipients.[45]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not makeup part of a visible minority or an Indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on the census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on the census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References

  1. ^ Census Profile, 2021 Census - Nelson Population centre, British Columbia and British Columbia
  2. ^ "A silver rush built Nelson, British Columbia. It still has polish". The Christian Science Monitor. 5 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  3. ^ a b c d "About Nelson". City of Nelson. Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  4. ^ "Travel Info". Discover Nelson. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
  5. ^ "A Brief History of Nelson | Nelson, BC". www.nelson.ca. Retrieved 2025-08-23.
  6. ^ Stienne, Jean-Philippe (2023-11-23). "HISTORY BUFF: The legacy of railways in the West Kootenay". Nelson Star.
  7. ^ Hamilton, William (1978). The Macmillan Book of Canadian Place Names. Toronto: Macmillan. p. 46. ISBN 0-7715-9754-1.
  8. ^ Harper, T. (2024, September 16). Four years after it was announced, nelson's hall street pier finally opens. Nelson Star. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from https://www.nelsonstar.com/local-news/four-years-after-it-was-announced-nelsons-hall-street-pier-finally-opens-7537940
  9. ^ "Out of the Woods: A History of Forestry in Nelson, BC". Nelson Museum Archives & Gallery. Retrieved 2026-01-10.
  10. ^ "A History of Hydro-Electric Power in Nelson". City of Nelson. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  11. ^ Bernstein, Fred A. "Greetings From Resisterville". Archived from the original on 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2026-01-04.
  12. ^ The Edmonton Journal, July 12, 2025, p. B3
  13. ^ "Foundation for Intentional Community", https://www.ic.org/directory/middle-road-community-the/?srsltid=AfmBOopgkpSjKn-ougHS2vJe2Oo_w04xBu3PCR-TLy2EmZUCrLlf1h-T
  14. ^ "Baker Street". Nelson Kootenay Lake Tourism. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
  15. ^ "South Slocan, British Columbia". Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000 (in English and French). Environment Canada. Archived from the original on February 19, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  16. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
  17. ^ "Nelson’s Poverty Rate Nearly Double" Nelson Star, 2021/08/06
  18. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  19. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  20. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  21. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  22. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  23. ^ "Nelson Statistics - Economic Sector Diversity".
  24. ^ "Artisans | Nelson Kootenay Lake Tourism". www.nelsonkootenaylake.com. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
  25. ^ a b "Nelson Brewing Company - Our Craft Roots Go Back to 1991". nelsonbrewing.com. 2022-01-08. Retrieved 2025-02-27.
  26. ^ a b Metcalfe, Bill "Local Food Co-p Becomes Big Time Developer" The Tyee, 2013/07/31.
  27. ^ Johnson, Will January 4, 2017 Nelson Star, vol. 9, issue 51, pp. A2-A3
  28. ^ "Visual and Public Art". Nelson Kootenay Lake Tourism. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  29. ^ Milner, Marie (16 June 2017). "Attracted by Nelson's art". Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  30. ^ "Zeljko Kujundzic and the Early Years of the Kootenay School of the Arts". NMAG. Nelson Museum Archives & Gallery. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  31. ^ a b c "KSA Timeline" (PDF). nelsonmuseum.ca. Canada: Nelson Museum Archives & Gallery. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
  32. ^ "Oxygen Arts Centre: Artists Welcome Package" (PDF). Oxygen Arts Centre. Oxyegen Arts Centre. p. 9. Retrieved 29 November 2025.
  33. ^ a b Villani, John 1998 100 Best Small Art Towns In America. Emeryville, Calif: Avalon Travel Publishers.
  34. ^ "Artwalk". ndac.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
  35. ^ "Nelson, Rossland voted best ski locales in North America". Archived from the original on 2014-09-25. Retrieved 2026-01-10.
  36. ^ "Kokanee Glacier Park". BC Parks. Retrieved 2026-01-10.
  37. ^ Harper, T. (2024, September 16). Four years after it was announced, nelson’s hall street pier finally opens. Nelson Star. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from https://www.nelsonstar.com/local-news/four-years-after-it-was-announced-nelsons-hall-street-pier-finally-opens-7537940
  38. ^ "Schools in Kootenay Lake School District". Government of British Columbia – Ministry of Education. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  39. ^ "Carte des écoles Archived 2015-08-17 at the Wayback Machine." Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britanique. Retrieved on 22 January 2015.
  40. ^ "Tenth Street Campus, Nelson". Selkirk College. Selkirk College. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  41. ^ "Kootenay Columbia College of Integrative Health Sciences". Discover Nelson. Nelson & District Chamber of Commerce (Discover Nelson). Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  42. ^ Payne, Colin (12 July 2010). "Final Edition". Nelson Daily News. Retrieved 12 July 2010. [dead link]
  43. ^ "B.C. newspapers closing". The Vancouver Sun. 6 July 2010. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  44. ^ Davidson, Darren (6 July 2010). "After 109 years, NDN's run over". Nelson Daily News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  45. ^ "Nelson Star". Discover Nelson. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
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