This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (June 2022) |
| Tetuani | |
|---|---|
| Region | now mostly Israel[citation needed] |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| IETF | lad-DZ |
Tetuani (or Tétouani; Arabic: تطوانى; or Haketia) is a variant or dialect of Haketia, a form of Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish)—Ibero-Romance as spoken by Sephardic Jews—associated with and historically spoken by Tetuani Jews, a mainly Sephardic community with ties to the city of Tetuan in Morocco. It contained Arabic and Hebrew elements.[1][2][3]
re-Hispanisation
Spanish as spoken by the Jewish community of Tetuan went through a process of re-Hispanisation starting in the 19th century, whereby various linguistic aspects of Haketia were influenced by Castilian Spanish.[1] According to Isaac Guershon, this process was sustained by Jewish merchants' commerce between western Mediterranean cities, especially between Tetuan and Gibraltar.[1] Tetuani Jews came to pronounces 's' and 'j' according to the new Castilian pronunciation, for example.[1]
This process was greatly accelerated by the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860) and the Spanish occupation of Tetuan (February 6, 1860 – May 1862).[1] According to Moisés Orfali, the establishment of the Spanish protectorate in northern Morocco was the "mortal blow" to Haketia, and by the 1920s, texts published about Haketia could be considered documentation of a dying language.[1]
The Asociación Hispanojudía de Tetuan sought to teach 'pure Castilian'.[1]
In Oran
Following the French conquest of Algeria, a number of northern Moroccan and especially Tetuani Jews migrated to the port city of Oran.[4][5] Tetuani was used to refer to the Haketia spoken in that city.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Orfali, Moisés (2019). "Aspects of Spanish Acculturation among Moroccan Jews". European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe. 52 (2): 43–58. ISSN 0014-3006.
- ^ Bénichou, Paul (1960). "Notas sobre el judeo-español de Marruecos en 1950". Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica. 14 (3/4): 307–312. ISSN 0185-0121.
- ^ Abecassis, Nina Pinto (2014). Ha-Ṭaṿas, ha-megohats ṿa-ḥatsi ha-ishah : kinuyim, humor u-folḳlor ba-śiaḥ ha-yom-yom shel Yehude Ṭetụ ’an dovre ha-Ḥaketiyah הטווס, המגוהץ וחצי האישה: כינויים, הומור ופולקלור בשיח היום־יום של יהודי טיטואן דוברי החכתייה [The Peacock, the Ironed Man and the Half-Woman: Nicknames, Humor and Folklore in the Day-to-day Speech of Tetuan’s Haketia-speaking Jews]. Ben Zvi Institute.
- ^ Moreno, Aviad (2024-06-04), Entwined Homelands, Empowered Diasporas, Indiana University Press, pp. 154–162, ISBN 978-0-253-06968-9, retrieved 2025-12-12
- ^ Benkada, Saddek, "Oran", Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Online, doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_COM_0017070, retrieved 2025-12-12
- ^ The Jewish Community of Oran, Algeria
Further reading
- Francisco Moreno Fernández (30 June 1992). "El español en Orán: notas históricas, dialectales y sociolingüísticas". Revista de Filología Española (in Spanish). 72 (1/2): 5–35. doi:10.3989/RFE.1992.V72.I1/2.593. ISSN 0210-9174. Wikidata Q134572191.
 | This article about Romance languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
 | This article related to Jewish history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
