Yanghugou Formation
Geologic formation in China
Yanghugou Formation
Stratigraphic range: Westphalian
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesTaiyuan Formation
OverliesJingyuan Formation
Location
RegionNingxia
CountryChina

The Yanghugou Formation, also known as the Tupo Formation, is a mid-late Carboniferous formation from China.[1] It contains the Xiaheyan locality, a lagerstätte preserving numerous insects.

Paleobiota

After Wang et al. (2022)[2]

Arthropods

Arthropods
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Aseripterella A. sinensis Erasipteridae Name is an anagram of Erasipterella's[3]
Brodioptera B. sinensis Brodiopteridae (Megasecoptera) Known from several specimens, including some likely freshly-emerged imagoes/subimagoes,[4] alongside likely having sensory setae on its wings[5]
Chenxiella C. liuae Archaeorthoptera Similar to “lobeattids”, specifically Sinopteron[6]
Ctenoptilus C. frequens Ctenoptilidae (Archaeorthoptera) Likely omnivorous and laid its eggs in the ground, based on mandible and ovipositor anatomy[7]
Dictyoptera indet. Unapplicable Polyneoptera Contains three unnamed “roachoid” species, which are distinct from the two named species but have too little material to be named themselves[8]
Erasipterella E. jini Erasipteridae Synonymous with the genus “Sinierasiptera”[3]
E. jini fossil
Gulou G. carpenteri Plecoptera Earliest known stonefly fossil[9]
Fossil of Gulou
Haidilaozhen H. cuiae Haidilaozhenidae (Odonatoptera) Convergently evolved wings similar to damselflies[10]
Heterologus H. duyiwuer Archaeorthoptera[11]
Kinklidoblatta K. youhei Dictyoptera incertae sedis Indeterminate family[8]
Longzhua L. loculata Archaeorthoptera Carnivorous and predatory, likely related to cnemidolestodeans[12]
Miamia M. maimai Archaeorthoptera Species name is both an anagram of the genus and translated to “buried veins”[13]
Fossils of M. maimai
Namuroningxia N. elegans Namuroningxiidae (Palaeodictyoptera) Wing venation resembles several distinct clades of palaeopteran insects[14]
Namuroptera N. minuta Aykhalidae (Megasecoptera) Relatively small[15]
Oligotypus O. huangheensis Paralogidae Synonymous with the monotypic genus “Sinomeganeura”[3]
O. huangheensis fossil
Phtanomiamia P. gui Archaeorthoptera Similar to Miamia[16]
Protomiamia P. yangi Archaeorthoptera Similar to “lobeattids”, male is smaller than the female[17]
Qilianiblatta Q. namuriensis Phylloblattidae? (Eoblattodea) Earliest known dictyopteran[18]
Shenzhousia S. qilianshanensis Meganeuridae A griffinfly with single wing length about 16 cm[3]
Sinodiapha S. ramosa Sinodiaphidae (Megasecopteromorpha) An unusual transitional form between Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea[19]
Sinodunbaria S. jarmilae Spilapteridae Known from a nearly complete fossil, has dark wings with light banding[20]
Sinoerasipteron S. xiaheyanensis Erasipteridae Known from a partial forewing[21]
Sinogerarus S. pectinatus Archaeorthoptera Similar to Gerarus, but only known from a partial forewing[22]
Sinonamuropteris S. ningxianensis Grylloblattodea Synonymised with several other species and three separate genera[23]
Sinopalaeopteryx S. olivieri, S. splendens Aykhalidae (Megasecoptera)[15]
Sinopteron S. huangheense Archaeorthoptera Higher clade within Archaeorthoptera indeterminate[14]
Sylphalula S. laliquei Erasipteridae Known from a poorly preserved specimen, but has unusually few wing veins and is quite small[3]
Tupus T. orientalis Meganeuridae Formerly included in its own genus, “Paragilsonia”[3]
Drawing of Tupus permianus
Tytthospilaptera T. wangae Spilapteridae Smallest palaeodictyopteran known, with a wingspan of around 2 cm[24]
Xiaheyanella X. orta Calvertiellidae (Palaeodictyoptera) Earliest calvertiellid, yet still has some of their derived wing venation characters[25]
Xixia X. huban Cnemidolestodea (Archaeorthoptera) Has an unusual pattern of dark patches on its wings[26]
Carbolohmannia C. maimaiphilus Mixonomata (Oribatida) Earliest phoretic mite known, phoretic on the insect Miamia maimai[27]
Laevitealliocaris L. xiaheyanensis Tealliocarididae (Pygocephalomorpha) First tealliocaridid from outside Europe or America[28]
Reconstruction of Tealliocaris etheridgii from Scotland

Other Organisms

Other Organisms
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Huanghelepis H. pani Palaeonisciformes
Ningxiaplatysomus N. parvus[29] Platysomiformes (Actinopterygii)
Zhongweilepis Z. macilentus Palaeonisciformes Resembles both Chondrostei and Holostei[30]
Nudasporestrobus N. ningxicus Lepidodendrales Likely a Sigillaria cone[31]
Restoration of Sigillaria

References

  1. ^ Zhang, Tao; Chen, Rong; Wang, Feng; Hu, Jianling; Zhang, Min; Li, Qian; Wu, Jingyi; Liu, Lei (10 January 2024). "Provenance of the Upper Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation in the Western Margin of the Ordos Basin, China: Constraints on Paleogeography and Basin Development". Minerals. 14 (1): 78. Bibcode:2024Mine...14...78Z. doi:10.3390/min14010078.
  2. ^ Wang, Ye-Hao; Wan, Ming-Li; Zhang, Hua; Cai, Chen-Yang; Huang, Di-Ying (2022-08-30). "Palaeozoic insects from China with discussion on their ages". Palaeoentomology. 5 (4): 362–377. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.9. ISSN 2624-2834.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Li, Yongjun; Béthoux, Olivier; Pang, Hong; Ren, Dong (February 2013). "Early Pennsylvanian Odonatoptera from the Xiaheyan locality (Ningxia, China): new material, taxa, and perspectives". Fossil Record. 16 (1): 117–139. Bibcode:2013FossR..16..117L. doi:10.1002/mmng.201300006.
  4. ^ Pecharová, Martina; Ren, Dong; Prokop, Jakub (3 April 2015). "A new palaeodictyopteroid (Megasecoptera: Brodiopteridae) from the Early Pennsylvanian of northern China reveals unique morphological traits and intra-specific variability". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 39 (2): 236–249. Bibcode:2015Alch...39..236P. doi:10.1080/03115518.2015.993299.
  5. ^ Prokop, Jakub; Pecharová, Martina; Ren, Dong (20 June 2016). "Hidden surface microstructures on Carboniferous insect Brodioptera sinensis (Megasecoptera) enlighten functional morphology and sensorial perception". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 28316. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628316P. doi:10.1038/srep28316.
  6. ^ Liu, Yushuang; Ren, Dong; Prokop, Jakub (11 March 2009). "Discovery of a new Namurian archaeorthopterid from Ningxia, China (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera)". Zootaxa. 2032 (1). doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2032.1.5.
  7. ^ Chen, Lu; Gu, Jun-Jie; Yang, Qiang; Ren, Dong; Blanke, Alexander; Béthoux, Olivier (30 November 2021). "Ovipositor and mouthparts in a fossil insect support a novel ecological role for early orthopterans in 300 million years old forests". eLife. 10 e71006. doi:10.7554/eLife.71006. PMID 34844668.
  8. ^ a b Wei, Dandan; Béthoux, Olivier; Guo, Yinxia; Schneider, Jörg W.; Ren, Dong (December 2013). "New data on the singularly rare 'cockroachoids' from Xiaheyan (Pennsylvanian; Ningxia, China)". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 37 (4): 547–557. Bibcode:2013Alch...37..547W. doi:10.1080/03115518.2013.808863.
  9. ^ Béthoux, Olivier; Cui, Yingying; Kondratieff, Boris; Stark, Bill; Ren, Dong (December 2011). "At last, a Pennsylvanian stem-stonefly (Plecoptera) discovered". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1) 248. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..248B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-248. PMC 3225047. PMID 21880126.
  10. ^ Yang, Nan; Ren, Dong; Béthoux, Olivier (October 2023). "Little bits of dragonfly history repeating exemplified by a new Pennsylvanian family". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10) 230904. Bibcode:2023RSOS...1030904Y. doi:10.1098/rsos.230904. PMC 10548097. PMID 37800150.
  11. ^ Béthoux, Olivier; Gu, Jun-Jie; Ren, Dong (April 2012). "A new Upper Carboniferous stem-orthopteran (Insecta) from Ningxia (China)". Insect Science. 19 (2): 153–158. Bibcode:2012InsSc..19..153B. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01468.x.
  12. ^ Gu, Jun-Jie; Béthoux, Olivier; Ren, Dong (March 2011). "Longzhua loculata n. gen. n. sp., one of the most completely documented Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (Insecta; Ningxia, China)". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (2): 303–314. Bibcode:2011JPal...85..303G. doi:10.1666/10-085.1.
  13. ^ Béthoux, O.; Gu, J.; Yue, Y.; Ren, D. (1 August 2012). "Miamia maimai n. sp., a new Pennsylvanian stem-orthopteran insect, and a case study on the application of cladotypic nomenclature". Fossil Record. 15 (2): 103–113. Bibcode:2012FossR..15..103B. doi:10.5194/fr-15-103-2012.
  14. ^ a b Prokop, Jakub; Ren, Dong (25 April 2007). "New significant fossil insects from the Upper Carboniferous of Ningxia in northern China (Palaeodictyoptera, Archaeorthoptera)". European Journal of Entomology. 104 (2): 267–275. doi:10.14411/eje.2007.041.
  15. ^ a b Pecharová, Martina; Prokop, Jakub; Ren, Dong (November 2015). "Early Pennsylvanian aykhalids from Xiaheyan, northern China and their palaeogeographical significance (Insecta: Megasecoptera)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 14 (8): 613–624. Bibcode:2015CRPal..14..613P. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.06.006.
  16. ^ Chen, Lu; Ren, Dong; Béthoux, Olivier (8 April 2020). "A new, rare and small "lobeattid" species (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera) found at Xiaheyan (Pennsylvanian; Ningxia, China)". Fossil Record. 23 (1): 71–74. Bibcode:2020FossR..23...71C. doi:10.5194/fr-23-71-2020.
  17. ^ Du, S.; Béthoux, O.; Gu, J.-J.; Ren, D. (4 March 2017). "Protomiamia yangi gen. et sp. nov. (Early Pennsylvanian; Xiaheyan, China), a sexually dimorphic Palaeozoic stem-Orthoptera". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (3): 193–204. Bibcode:2017JSPal..15..193D. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1154899.
  18. ^ Zhang, Zhijun; Schneider, Joerg W.; Hong, Youchong (January 2013). "The most ancient roach (Blattodea): a new genus and species from the earliest Late Carboniferous (Namurian) of China, with a discussion of the phylomorphogeny of early blattids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (1): 27–40. Bibcode:2013JSPal..11...27Z. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.634443.
  19. ^ Yang, Nan; Ren, Dong; Béthoux, Olivier (2 April 2020). "The 'Megasecoptera–Diaphanopterodea' twilight zone epitomized by a new insect from Xiaheyan (Early Pennsylvanian; China)". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (2): 273–278. Bibcode:2020Alch...44..273Y. doi:10.1080/03115518.2020.1737228.
  20. ^ Li, Yongjun; Ren, Dong; Pecharová, Martina; Prokop, Jakub (December 2013). "A new palaeodictyopterid (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera: Spilapteridae) from the Upper Carboniferous of China supports a close relationship between insect faunas of Quilianshian (northern China) and Laurussia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 37 (4): 487–495. Bibcode:2013Alch...37..487L. doi:10.1080/03115518.2013.793024.
  21. ^ Nel, André; Ji, Gaozhe; Gao, Jian; Huang, Diying (5 March 2024). "A new griffenfly genus and species from the Early Pennsylvanian of the Xiaheyan locality (Ningxia, China) (Insecta: Odonatoptera)". European Journal of Taxonomy (925): 2451. Bibcode:2024EJTax.925.2451N. doi:10.5852/ejt.2024.925.2451.
  22. ^ Gu, Jun-Jie; Béthoux, Olivier; Ren, Dong (7 November 2017). "A new, rare and distinctive species of Panorthoptera (Insecta, Archaeorthoptera) from the Upper Carboniferous of Xiaheyan (Ningxia, China)". Fossil Record. 20 (2): 253–257. Bibcode:2017FossR..20..253G. doi:10.5194/fr-20-253-2017.
  23. ^ Cui, Yingying; BéThoux, Olivier; Ren, Dong (January 2011). "Intraindividual variability in Sinonamuropteridae forewing venation (Grylloblattida; Late Carboniferous): taxonomic and nomenclatural implications". Systematic Entomology. 36 (1): 44–56. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36...44C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00545.x.
  24. ^ Liu, Xin; Béthoux, Olivier; Yin, Xiangchu; Ren, Dong (July 2015). "The smallest Palaeodictyoptera (Insecta) discovered at Xiaheyan (Late Carboniferous, China)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 14 (5): 346–352. Bibcode:2015CRPal..14..346L. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.05.013.
  25. ^ Fu, Ying; Béthoux, Olivier; Yang, Qiang; Ren, Dong (23 November 2015). "The earliest and most oriental Calvertiellidae unearthed (Palaeodictyoptera; Late Carboniferous; China)". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 46 (5): 485–492. doi:10.1163/1876312X-46052128.
  26. ^ Gu, Jun-Jie; Béthoux, Olivier; Ren, Dong (2013). "A new cnemidolestodean stem-orthopteran insect from the Late Carboniferous of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (3): 689–696. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0204.
  27. ^ Robin, Ninon; Béthoux, Olivier; Sidorchuk, Ekaterina; Cui, Yingying; Li, Yingnan; Germain, Damien; King, Andrew; Berenguer, Felisa; Ren, Dong (May 2016). "A Carboniferous Mite on an Insect Reveals the Antiquity of an Inconspicuous Interaction". Current Biology. 26 (10): 1376–1382. Bibcode:2016CBio...26.1376R. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.068. PMID 27161503.
  28. ^ Yang, Qiang; Gueriau, Pierre; Charbonner, Sylvain; Ren, Dong; Bethoux, Olivier (2018). "A new tealliocaridid crustacean from the Late Carboniferous of North China and its biogeographic implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63. doi:10.4202/app.00446.2017.
  29. ^ Kai Tan; Xi Wang; Li-wu Lu (2015). "A new Carboniferous platysomoid fish from Ningxia, Northwest China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 54 (2): 174–183.
  30. ^ Tan, Kai (January 2017). "A New Genus of Palaeonisciformes from Carboniferous Strata in Ningxia". Acta Geoscientia Sinica. 38 (2): 149–153. doi:10.3975/cagsb.2017.02.07.
  31. ^ Feng, Zhuo; Wang, Jun; Bek, Jiří (April 2008). "Nudasporestrobus ningxicus gen. et sp. nov., a novel sigillarian megasporangiate cone from the Bashkirian (Early Pennsylvanian) of Ningxia, northwestern China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 149 (3–4): 150–162. Bibcode:2008RPaPa.149..150F. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.11.003.
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