黒人アフリカ労働者総連合

The General Union of Negro African Workers, more widely known by its French name Union générale des travailleurs d'Afrique noire ('General Workers Union of Black Africa', abbreviated UGTAN), was a pan-African trade union organization. Ahmed Sékou Touré was the main leader of the organization.[1] In its heyday, around 90% of the trade unions in Francophone West Africa were affiliated to UGTAN.[2]

History

Foundation

UGTAN was founded at a conference in Cotonou on January 16, 1957, through the merger of Confédération générale des travailleurs africains (CGTA), the West African branches of the French Confédération générale du travail (CGT) and some independent unions.[3] The conference was held following a call from the railway workers' union to build an independent and united African trade union centre.[4] The Cotonou conference called for the setting up of UGTAN branches across West Africa.[5] Challenging colonialism, UGTAN declared itself as independent from French union centres.[6]

Confédération africaine des travailleurs croyants (CATC) participated in the Cotonou conference, but abstained from voting in the election for a Provisional Executive of UGTAN, stating that they wished to confer with their member organizations on affiliation to UGTAN. In the end CATC remained outside of UGTAN, wishing to remain a non-political union organization.[3] Another group that resisted integration in UGTAN were unions in French Equatorial Africa linked to the pro-Soviet World Federation of Trade Unions. Countering UGTAN, the WTFU-affiliated Cameroonian trade union centre CGTK launched Confédération générale aéfienne du travail (CGAT). In Soviet discourse, UGTAN was condemned as a 'petty bourgeois-racist' entity.[7]

Bamako conference and loi cadre

At the onset UGTAN committees were dominated by people hailing from the CGT, with Abdoulaye Diallo as general secretary. However, the influence of the CGT leaders was soon outmaneuvered by the former CGTA functionaries under the helm of Sékou Touré.[8] The UGTAN leadership met in Bamako in March 1958. By this time the organization was faced with internal difficulties. The expansion of the organization had been stalled at many points. Nor had a functioning UGTAN administration been set up. Moreover, under the loi cadre autonomy had been established in the French West African territories, enabling many UGTAN leaders to assume public offices, creating confusion as to whom represented the government and whom represented the union movement leadership.[5] After the 1957 elections UGTAN leaders became Ministers of Labour or Ministers of Civil Service in seven out of the nine territories of French West Africa. Abdoulaye Diallo (Minister of Labour of French Sudan) was amongst the UGTAN leaders that moved away from union organizing towards party politics.[8]

1958 referendum

A second meeting in Bamako, held September 10–11, 1958, decided that UGTAN would campaign for a 'No' vote (i.e. for independence) in the referendum on the French Community.[5] Union syndicale des travailleurs de Guinée, the Guinean section of UGTAN, formed one of the pillars in guaranteeing a victory for the 'No' side in Guinea.[6] However many other sectors of UGTAN did not heed the call from the Bamako meeting, rather adopting the 'Yes' line of the political parties that they were aligned with.[5] The Ivorian section outright rejected the 'No' line.[9] The referendum campaign left UGTAN divided. The Senegalese Progressive Union (UPS) managed to divide UGTAN in Senegal, and a new organization (UGTAN-Autonome) was founded under the leadership of Abbas Guèye.[10]

UGTAN participated in the December 1958 All-African Peoples' Conference, and voiced its support to the Ghana–Guinea Union.[11]

UGTAN congress

UGTANは1959年1月15日から18日までコナクリで総会を開催した。[12]総会報告の中で、セク・トゥーレはアフリカの独立、労働組合運動の政治的貢献、そして国際関係という3つの点を強調した。この総会には、フランスのCGT、中華全国総工会、AFL-CIO 、そしてガーナ、モロッコ、アルジェリア、チュニジアの各国労働組合連合の代表団が参加した。[13]総会はセク・トゥーレをUGTANの会長に、ジョン・テッテガー（ガーナ労働組合会議）を副会長に選出した。[14]

セネガルにおける分裂

1959年半ば、セネガル支部は再び分裂し、UGTAN事務総長のアリウン・シセが離脱してUGTAN-unitaire（統一派）を設立しました。[10]セネガルの忠誠派はUGTAN-orthodoxeとしても知られ、セイドゥ・ディアロが率いていました。[5]同様に、運動には他の分裂もありました。1959年3月、17のニジェール労働組合がUGTANから離脱し、ニジェールにUGTAN-Autonome（自治組織）を設立しました。[10]

抑制

UGTANはいくつかの植民地で地方政府と紛争を起こしました。ニジェール、ダホメ、上ヴォルタでは、当局が運動を鎮圧しようとしました。[5]ニジ​​ェールでは、UGTANの指導者で元労働大臣のサルーム・トラオレが追放されました。[10]コートジボワールでは、政府が公共部門に黄色の組合を作ろうとしたため、労働組合運動（UGTANとCATC）とフェリックス・ウフェ＝ボワニ政権の間で緊張が高まりました。1959年後半、コートジボワールUGTAN支部の指導者ヤオ・ンゴ・ブレーズがギニアに追放されたことで、紛争は激化しました。UGTANはストライキを呼びかけましたが、実現することはありませんでした。一方、政府は戒厳令を宣言しました。多くの組合指導者が逮捕され、多くの公務員が解雇されました[5] [14]セネガルでは、UGTAN支部（すなわち「正統派」UGTAN）が1960年11月22日に政府によって禁止されました。[15] [16] UGTANの主要指導者数名が投獄されました。[10]正統派UGTANの残党は後に1962年にセネガル労働者連合（Union sénégalaise des travailleurs）を結成しました。[17]

参考文献

  1. ^ Gann, LH, Peter J. Duignan著『アフリカにおける植民地主義、1870-1960』第4巻、『植民地主義の経済学』ロンドン：ケンブリッジ大学出版局、1975年、161ページ
  2. ^ Kabeya Muase, Charles. Syndicalisme et démocratie en Afrique noire: l'expérience du Burkina Faso, 1936-1988. Abidjan: Inadès édition, 1988. p. 9
  3. ^ a b Meynaud, Jean, and Anisse Salah Bey. Trade Unionism in Africa. Lond: Methuen, 1967. p. 60-61
  4. ^ Chafer, Tony. The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization? Oxford [u.a.]: Berg, 2002. p. 124
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Meynaud, Jean, and Anisse Salah Bey. Trade Unionism in Africa. Lond: Methuen, 1967. pp. 98-100
  6. ^ a b Coleman, James Smoot, and Carl Gustav Rosberg. Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 208
  7. ^ Agyeman, Opoku. The Failure of Grassroots Pan-Africanism: The Case of the All-African Trade Union Federation. Lanham [u.a.]: Lexington Books, 2003. p. 121
  8. ^ a b Cooper, Frederick. Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. p. 415
  9. ^ Coleman, James Smoot, and Carl Gustav Rosberg. Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 366
  10. ^ a b c d e Coleman, James Smoot, and Carl Gustav Rosberg. Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 368
  11. ^ Agyeman, Opoku. The Failure of Grassroots Pan-Africanism: The Case of the All-African Trade Union Federation. Lanham [u.a.]: Lexington Books, 2003. p. 124
  12. ^ General congress of the U.G.T.A.N. (G.U.N.A.W.) (General Union of Negro African Workers) held at Conakry, 15th to 18th January 1959: Report on policy and doctrine
  13. ^ Fonteneau, Gérard. Histoire du syndicalisme en Afrique. Paris: Karthala [u.a.], 2004. p. 61
  14. ^ a b Agyeman, Opoku. The Failure of Grassroots Pan-Africanism: The Case of the All-African Trade Union Federation. Lanham [u.a.]: Lexington Books, 2003. p. 127
  15. ^ Meynaud, Jean, and Anisse Salah Bey. Trade Unionism in Africa. Lond: Methuen, 1967. p. 101
  16. ^ November, András. L'évolution du mouvement syndical en Afrique Occidentale. 1965. p. 117
  17. ^ Fall, Mar. L'Etat et la Question Syndicale au Sénégal. Paris: Éditions L'Harmattan, 1989. p. 58
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