Víctor Polay

Peruvian geurilla leader

Víctor Alfredo Polay Campos (born 6 April 1951) is one of the founders of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, a Peruvian Marxist–Leninist terrorist organization that fought in the internal conflict in Peru. He is currently imprisoned in Callao Naval Base with Vladimiro Montesinos.

He was arrested in 1992. In 1997, the UN Human Rights Committee has found that the circumstances of his trial and detention violated articles 7, 10 and 14 of the ICCPR.[1]

On 22 March 2006, he was found guilty by a Peruvian court on nearly 30 crimes committed during the late 1980s and early 1990s and was sentenced to 32 years imprisonment.[2]

Biography

He is the son of Víctor Polay Risco, a founding member of the Peruvian Aprista Party and a Freemason,[3]and of Otilia Campos Bárcena, an Aprista militant.[4][5]His grandfather, Po Leysen, was a Chinese coolie who came to work on the sugarcane plantations of Trujillo.[6]He completed his primary education at the San Antonio Marianista School in Callao. When he was in the 5th grade, he became an altar boy and wanted to become a seminarian, which led his parents to withdraw him from the Marianist school and take him to the Gran Unidad Escolar 2 de Mayo in Callao, where he completed secondary school.[7]At age 7, he was part of the Peruvian Aprista Boys (CHAP), an APRA-affiliated organization in which his parents enrolled him amid the celebration of the release of Alfredo Tello and Héctor Pretell, who had been accused of participating in the assassination of Francisco Graña Garland.[8][9]

During his five years of secondary school, he was a member of the Callao Scout Group No. 3 “David Livingstone.” He became an outstanding scout and leader of the Wolves Patrol, as noted by his fellow scout group member Marco Miyashiro (former head of DIRCOTE) on Jaime de Althaus’s program on Canal N.[10]In his final years of secondary school, he was part of the Association of Student Journalists of Callao (APEC), a left-wing association, and he also met Father Alejandro Cussianovich, who would become his adviser.[11]

Political activity

He belonged to the APRA youth wing.[4]In 1967, he entered the newly created National Technical University of Callao (UNATEC).[12]He was elected, on the Aprista student list, as secretary general of the Federated Center of Mechanical, Industrial, and Naval Engineering. In 1968, he was a member of the National Directorate of the Aprista University Command (CUA).

In March 1969, together with José Carrasco Távara (later Minister of Energy and Mines), he was sent by APRA to a seminar for young and mid-level left-wing leaders in Costa Rica, organized by the German Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the Center for Democratic Studies of Latin America (CEDAL), directed by Luis Alberto Monge, who would later become president of Costa Rica.

In 1969, he joined the APRA Conjunctions Bureau (a group of young members who worked daily and directly with Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre) together with Alan García, Carlos Roca, César Vega Vega, Carlos Rivas Dávila, José Luis Pérez Sánchez-Cerro, Julián Alzamora, Alberto Valdivia, among others.[13][14]

In 1972 he was detained for several months in the Lurigancho prison, accused in the police courts of carrying out subversive actions against the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado using dynamite in Ica and Lima.[15]During that time, Polay Campos came into contact with leaders and militants of the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) and other left-wing groups.[16][17]His judicial process even included Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre himself. After being released, he traveled to Spain in September to study sociology at the Complutense University of Madrid, where he shared an apartment with Alan García and went to work with him in Geneva for three months in 1973.[18]During his stay in Europe, he left Aprista militancy. Thus, in Geneva he got in touch with Carlos Pongo, who connected him in Paris with Máximo Castro, a member of the MIR Central Committee; he also formed a group to study Capital by Karl Marx.[19]

Family

Polay was the son of Victor Polay-Risco, who was part of the founding generation of the Peruvian Aprista Party[citation needed]. Polay-Risco is half-Chinese; his father, Po Leysen, was a Chinese coolie who arrived to work in the Trujillo sugarcane plantations.[20]

References

  1. ^ "Víctor Alfredo Polay Campos, cónyuge de la autora v. Perú, Comunicación N 577/1994, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/59/D/577/1994 (9 de enero de 1998)". .umn.edu. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  2. ^ "Americas | Peru guerrilla leader convicted". BBC News. 22 March 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  3. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. p. 22. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  4. ^ a b Guerra, Julio César (8 July 2015). "A 25 años de la fuga de Víctor Polay del penal Castro Castro". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2025.
  5. ^ "Víctor Polay se despidió de los restos de su madre". peru21.pe (in Spanish). 26 August 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2025.
  6. ^ "The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean". search.worldcat.org (in Spanish). pp. 166–167. Retrieved 18 November 2025.
  7. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  8. ^ Indoamericano (22 September 2007). "Sobre el Libro: En el banquillo ¿terrorista o rebelde?". Efigie del Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2025.
  9. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. p. 62. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  10. ^ "Confesión de Marco Miyashiro, gestor de la captura de Abimael Guzmán | CDI". lum.cultura.pe. Retrieved 18 November 2025.
  11. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. p. 48. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  12. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. p. 53. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  13. ^ Perú, Colegio de Periodistas del (1990). Sendero de violencia: testimonios periodísticos, 1980-1989 (in Spanish). Ediciones de Actualidad.
  14. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. p. 54. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  15. ^ "Biografia de Victor Polay Campos". www.latinamericanstudies.org. Retrieved 18 November 2025.
  16. ^ «El Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) y las fuentes de la revolución en América Latina». Centro de Estudios Históricos. Consultado el 17 de noviembre de 2025.
  17. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  18. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  19. ^ Campos, Víctor Polay (2019). Revolución en los Andes: desde la prisión Víctor Polay responde : un balance del MRTA (in Spanish). Peoplekonsian. pp. 61, 64–65. ISBN 978-2-9559776-1-3.
  20. ^ Look-Lai (2010), p. 166-7

Bibliography

  • Walton Look Lai, Tan Chee-Beng (15 February 2010). The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brill Academic Pub. ISBN 978-9004182134.
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