Timeline of Florence

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy.

The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini, was created in the 12th century.

Prior to 14th century

• 59 BCE – Roman colony founded (approximate date).^[1]
• 1st century CE – Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
• 285 – Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region.^[2]
• 405 – Siege of Florence (405).^[2]
• 541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila.^[1]
• 1078 – City walls built.^[2]
• 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built.^[3]
• 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence.^[3]
• 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted;^[2] Republic of Florence established.
• 1128 – Florence Baptistery built.
• 1138 – "City divided into six wards."^[3]
• 1182 – Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
• 1201 – Bankers' guild active (approximate date).^[3]
• 1222 – Monte comune (pawnshop) opens.^[3]
• 1230 – Eucharistic miracle of Florence [it] allegedly occurs.
• 1237 – Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built.^[3]
• 1244 – Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
• 1251 – First Capitano del popolo elected.^[3]
• 1252
  • Mint established;^[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
  • Santa Trinita bridge built.^[3]
• 1258 – Bargello built.^[3]
• 1261 – Public prison established.^[3]
• 1267 – Charles of Anjou in power.^[2]
• 1269 – Flood.^[3]
• 1282 – "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild."^[4][2]
• 1284 – Tertio Cerchio (wall) built.^[3]
• 1285 – Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded.^[5]
• 1289
  • Slavery abolished.^[3]
  • Fire.^[3]
• 1299 – Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.

14th–16th centuries

• 1312 – Siege of Florence (1312)
• 1321 – University of Florence founded.
• 1333 – November: Flood.^(it)
• 1345 – Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
• 1348 – Black Death plague.^[3]
• 1350 - October: Petrarch visits Florence and stays at Boccaccio's home.^[6]
• 1353 – Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower.^[7]
• 1355 – Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo [it] (church) built.
• 1360 – Cathedral Campanile built.^[8]
• 1361 - After the failed coup, Boccaccio left Florence to reside in Certaldo.^[9]
• 1361-1362 - Boccaccio composed De Mulieribus Claris (On Famous Women). ^[10]
• 1370 - Boccaccio completed his last autograph manuscript of The Decameron (Ms Berliner Hamilton 90).^[11]
• 1375 – War of the Eight Saints
• 1377 – Medici in power.^[4]
• 1378-1382 – Ciompi Revolt.^[12]
• 1382 – Loggia dei Lanzi built.
• 1385 – Basilica of Santa Croce built.
• 1390-1402 – Florentine–Milanese Wars.^[13]
• 1397 – Ancient Greek teaching begins at the University of Florence.^[14]
• 1397 – Medici Bank established.^[15]
• 1401 – Ghiberti wins the competition to create the Florence Baptistry doors.^[16].
• 1403 - 1424 Lorenzo Ghiberti sculpted 28 reliefs for the North Doors of the Florence Baptistery ^[17]
• 1415 – Bruni's History of Florence issued.^[4]
• 1415 – Cosimo de' Medici weds Contessina de' Bardi.^[18]
• 1419 – Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici commissions Filippo Brunelleschi to rebuild the Basilica of San Lorenzo.^[19]
• 1426 - 1428 Masaccio painted the Holy Trinity ^[20]
• 1427 – Catasto tax begins.^[3]
• 1432 – Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins.^[15]
• 1434 – 23 June: Pope Eugene IV arrives in Florence, having fled Rome.^[21]
• 1434 – 6 October: Cosimo de' Medici in power.^[5]
• 1435 - The publication of Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise De Pictura.^[22]
• 1435 - 1440 (1440s) Donatello sculpted David (bronze) for the Medici family ^[23]
• 1436- Filippo Brunelleschi Completion of Brunelleschi’s Dome on Santa Maria del Fiore. ^[24]
• 1436 – Duomo consecrated.^[3]
• 1440 – June 29: Florence wins the Battle of Anghiari. ^[25]
• 1444 – Construction of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi starts.^[26]
• 1445 – Ospedale degli Innocenti formally opens. ^[27]
• 1455 - The incomplete written manuscript of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s I Commentarii (Commentaries), which includes the first written biography of an artist from the Italian Renaissance ^[28]
• 1464 – 1 August: Cosimo de' Medici dies.^[29]
• 1465 – March 16: Cosimo de' Medici is named Pater Patriae.^[30]
• 1469 – Lorenzo de' Medici assumes power
• 1471 – Printing press in operation.^[3][31]
• 1472 – Leonardo da Vinci becomes a Master Painter in Florence. ^[32]
• 1476 – First performance of Terence's Andria (comedy) in Florence. ^[33]
• 1478 – April 26: Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici. ^[34]
  • 1478 – 1 June: Pope Sixtus IV issues papal bull excommunicating Lorenzo de' Medici and Florence. ^[35]
• 1478–1483 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni commissions the epic poem Morgante from Luigi Pulci.^[36]
• 1484 – January: Marsilio Ficino publishes Plato's works translated into Latin. ^[37]
• 1484 - 1486 (1480s) Sandro Botticelli painted The Birth of Venus ^[38]
• 1485 - The publication of the first printed book on architectural theory: Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) ^[39]
• 1487 – Medici giraffe arrives.^[40]
• 1488 – Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
• 1490 – Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
• 1492
  • Lorenzo the Magnificent dies and is succeeded by Piero the Unfortunate.
  • Michelangelo creates the Battle of the Centaurs relief.^[41]
• 1494
  • Charles VIII of France invades Italy
  • Piero II acquiesces to Charles VIII and is forced to flee Florence
  • Republic of Florence restored, ruled nominally by Girolamo Savonarola
  • 1494 – Salone dei Cinquecento built.
• 1497 – 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities in Florence. ^[42]
• 1498
  • Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary.^[4]
  • 23 May: Savonarola executed.^[2]
• 1503 – Leonardo da Vinci begins painting a portrait of Mona Lisa Gherardini del Giocando. ^[43]
• 1504 – Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria.^[44]
• 1509 – Militia established.^[3]
• 1512
  • Florentine Republic dissolved after defeat by Papal forces under Medici control.
  • Piero Soderini and Niccolò Machiavelli exiled.
• 1513
  • Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
  • Machiavelli publishes The Prince
• 1517 – Machiavelli publishes Discourses on Livy
• 1519 – June: the Sagrestia Nuova of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, planned.^[45]
• 1527 – 21 June: Machiavelli dies
• 1529 – 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
• 1532 – Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of the Florentine Republic.^[3]
• 1536 – Charles V visits city.^[3]
• 1537
  • Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
  • Cosimo I moves into the Palazzo della Signoria. ^[46]
  • Giorgio Vasari was commissioned by Cosimo I to expand and redesign the Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio)^[47]
• March 29, 1539 – Cosimo I de' Medici marries Eleanor of Toledo.^[48]
• 1545 – Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
• 1549 – Eleanor of Toledo purchases the Pitti Palace.^[49]
• 1550 – the Medici ducal family moves into the Palazzo Pitti.^[50]
• 1550 - The publication of Vasari’s Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects ^[51]
• 1557 – September: Flood.^(it)
• 1559 – Palazzo Uguccioni built.
• 1560-1581 - The building of Galleria degli Uffizi was initiated by Giorgio Vasari. ^[52]
• 1562 – Accademia del Disegno established.^[53]
• 1564 – Vasari Corridor built.
• 1565 – Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
• 1569 – Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1569 – late August: Cosimo I de' Medici becomes the first Grand Duke of Tuscany.^[54]
• 1570-1574 - Giorgio Vasari begins The Last Judgement frescoes in the dome of Florence Cathedral; completed by Federico Zuccari. ^[55]
• 1573 – 14 January: First meeting of the Florentine Camerata. ^[56]
• 1580 – Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published.^[57]
• 1581 – Uffizi art museum built.
• 1582 – State Archives of Tuscany established.^[5]
• 1592 – Theorbo musical instrument invented.^[58]
• 1598 – Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne.^[58]
• 1600
  • 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France [it].
  • Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date).^[5]
  • Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice.^[59]

17th–19th centuries

• 1625 – Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero.^[60]
• 1656 – Teatro della Pergola built.
• 1700 – Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped.^[58]
• 1739 – Academia Botanica established.^[61]
• 1740 – Teatro di Santa Maria built.
• 1753 – Accademia dei Georgofili established.^[61]
• 1775 – Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
• 1784 – Galleria dell'Accademia established.
• 1799 – French occupation begins.^[2]
• 1814
  • French occupation ends.^[2]
  • Jewish ghetto abolished.^[62]
• 1817 – Teatro Goldoni opens.
• 1828 – Teatro Alfieri opens.
• 1844 – 3 November: Florence flood of 1844 [it].
• 1847 – Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth.^[59]
• 1848
  • Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
  • Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
• 1852 – State Archives of Florence established.
• 1859 – La Nazione newspaper begins publication.^[63]
• 1861
  • National Library active.
  • Population: 150,864.
• 1862 – Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
• 1864 – Florence becomes part of Italy.^[1]
• 1865 – Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin.^[64]
• 1867 – Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
• 1871
  • Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
  • Population: 167,093.^[65]
• 1879 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
• 1882 – Great Synagogue of Florence built.
• 1891 – Cathedral Museum opens.^[5]
• 1896 – Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
• 1897
  • Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
  • Population: 209,540.^[66]

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 236,635.
• 1904 – Giardino Tropicale established.^[67]
• 1908 – La Voce magazine begins publication.
• 1922 – Cinema Teatro Savoia opens.^[68]
• 1925 – Non Mollare [it] newspaper begins publication.^[64]
• 1926 – Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli [it] (church) built.
• 1931 – Population: 304,160.
• 1933 – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
• 1934 – Bologna–Florence railway begins operating.^[2]
• 1936 – Cinema Vittoria built.^[68]
• 1943
  • German occupation begins.
  • 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
• 1944
  • 3 August: Bridges bombed by German forces.^[2]
  • 11 August: German occupation ends.^[2]
• 1948 – Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1954 – 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence [it]
• 1957 – Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
• 1959 – Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established.^[67]
• 1961 – Population: 436,516.
• 1966 – 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River.^[2]
• 1968 – Ospedale Piero Palagi [it] (hospital) built.
• 1977 – Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
• 1978 – Indiano Bridge built.
• 1982 – Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1986 – Gran Caffè Doney closes.
• 1991 – Population: 403,294.
• 1993 – 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing.^[2]
• 1995 – European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
• 1997 – City website online (approximate date).^[69]

21st century

• 2001 – Population: 356,118.
• 2002 – November: European Social Forum held in city.
• 2009
  • Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
  • Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
• 2011 – 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
• 2013 – Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province.^[70]
• 2014 – Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
• 2015 – City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.

See also

• History of Florence
• List of mayors of Florence
• State Archives of Florence (state archives)

Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:^(it)

• Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
• Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
• Timeline of Grosseto, Tuscany
• Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
• Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
• Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
• Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
• Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
• Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
• Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
• Timeline of Siena, Tuscany

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This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

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• "Florence", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7rn3cv1g
• Edmund G. Gardner (1920). Story of Florence. Mediaeval towns. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
• Millard Meiss (1951). "Chronological Table". Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: the Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-fourteenth Century. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00312-2.
• Athanasios Moulakis (1998). "Chronology of Florentine Institutional Development". Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8994-1.
• Michael Levey (1996). "Selective Chronology". Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-30658-5.
• Ted Jones (2013). "Chronology of Events". Florence And Tuscany: a Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-836-7.

External links

• Università degli Studi di Firenze. "Storia di Firenze" (in Italian). (Includes chronologies)

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