Julian Oktawian Zachariewicz-Lwigród
Julian Zachariewicz
Born(1837-07-17)17 July 1837
Lemberg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire
Died27 December 1898(1898-12-27) (aged 61)
Lemberg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)
Occupationarchitect
PartnerLudwina Zachariewicz née Sidorowicz[1]
ChildrenAlfred ZachariewiczJulian Edwin Zachariewicz
PracticeLviv Polytechnic
BuildingsMain building of the Lviv PolytechnicIași railway stationGalician Savings Bank in Lviv

Julian Oktawian Zachariewicz-Lwigród (17 July 1837 – 27 December 1898), commonly referred to as Julian Zachariewicz, was a Polisharchitect[2][3][4] and renovator of Armenian descent.[5][6] Zachariewicz was a graduate of the Royal Polytechnic Institute in Vienna,[7] and a professor and rector (1881–1882) of the Lemberg Polytechnic.[8] Father of architect Alfred Zachariewicz and intellectual Julian Edwin Zachariewicz.

Life

He was born in Lemberg, Austrian Empire (Polish: Lwów, now Lviv, Ukraine) into the family of Georgiy Zakharievich, an Armenian[6] and Yuzepa Grosman, a German Lutheran.

In 1858, he graduated from the Vienna University of Technology. Until 1870, he held numerous positions as a qualified engineer in the Austrian State Railways.

In the 1860s, he worked for the Lviv-Chernivtsi Railway in various positions, ranging from railway engineer in Vienna, Timisoara, and Lviv to traffic manager in Chernivtsi. While working for this railway, he designed the railway station in Iasi.[9]

In 1871, he was offered the post of director of the newly-established Faculty of Civil Engineering at the Lviv Technical Academy (now Lviv Polytechnic). As a consequence, he returned to Lviv and worked as professor at the academy and was appointed dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering. Between 1877–1878 and 1881–1882 he served as rector of the Lviv Polytechnic.

In 1877, he received the "Ritter" title of Austrian nobility (Grade II) with the predicate "von Lwigród". He designed the main building of the Lemberg Polytechnic as well as a separate building of the Faculty of Chemistry. The main building of the polytechnic, known as the "Mother of Polish Technical Universities", was designed in the eclectic Neo-Renaissance style that was fashionable at the time.

Zachariewicz made a number of journeys across Germany and Austria before designing the polytechnic, in order to familiarise himself with the newest innovations relating to the construction of this type of building. He also designed numerous public buildings and private residences, including the Iași railway station (1869–70), the Czernowitz Synagogue,[7] the Galician Savings Bank in Lviv, Church of Franciscan Sisters in Lviv, Jan Styka's villa, and the Tyszkiewicz Villa in Vilnius. He also carried out the renovation of the Church of the Holy Family in Tarnów as well as controversial renovations of the Church of Our Lady of the Snow in Lviv and the Church of John the Baptist in Lviv.

Marble bust of Prof. Julian Zachariewicz located in the foyer of Lviv Polytechnic by Juliusz Wojciech Bełtowski

In 1894, he supervised (alongside Franciszek Skowron) the construction of more than 100 pavilions for the General National Exhibition in Lviv.[10] He was also a member of the statutory exhibition commission.[11] He is the author of the book Zabytki sztuki w Polsce (Works of Art in Poland) published in 1895.[12][13][14]

The tombstone of Julian Zachariewicz at Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv

He died in Lemberg and was interred at the Lychakiv Cemetery.

From April 13 to May 15, 1905, drawings of wooden architecture samples made by Zachariewicz were exhibited at the Czapski Palace in Krakow.[15] In 1910, a bust of Julian Zachariewicz by Juliusz Beltowski was installed in the lobby of the main building of the Lviv Polytechnic, which was solemnly unveiled on September 11, the final day of the Fifth Congress of Technicians in Lviv.[16] The same year, Zachariewicz's projects were exhibited at the first architectural exhibition in Lviv.[17] From 1901 to 1946, a street was named after Zachariewicz, which is now called Arkhitektorska Street. In 1992, another street in Lviv was named in his honor.

See also

References

  1. ^Polak 2016, p. 217.
  2. ^Rampley, Matthew (2013). The Vienna School of Art History Empire and the Politics of Scholarship, 1847–1918. Penn State University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780271062600.
  3. ^Wolff, Larry (2010). The Idea of Galicia. History and Fantasy in Habsburg Political Culture. Stanford University Press. p. 291. ISBN 9780804774291.
  4. ^Prokopovych, Markian (2009). Habsburg Lemberg: Architecture, Public Space, and Politics in the Galician Capital, 1772-1914. Purdue University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9781557535108.
  5. ^Polak 2016, p. 215.
  6. ^ ab"100 Великих діячів культури України ЗАХАРЕВИЧІ (ЗАХАРІЄВИЧІ): ЮЛІАН ОКТАВІАН та АЛЬФРЕД [100 Great Cultural Figures of Ukraine ZAKHAREVYCHI (ZAKHARYEVYCH): Julian Octavian and Alfred]" (in Ukrainian). Народився у Львові у вірменській родині.
  7. ^ abProkopovych, Markian (2009). Habsburg Lemberg: Architecture, Public Space, and Politics in the Galician Capital, 1772-1914. Purdue University Press. pp. 111, 114, 131. ISBN 978-1-55753-510-8.
  8. ^"Zachariewicz-Lwigród Julian Oktawian". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2008-03-10. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  9. ^Rykhlo, Petro, ed. (2003). Arkhitekturna spadshchyna Chernivtsiv avstriĭsʹkoï doby: materialy mizhnarodnoï naukovoï konferentsiï (Chernivtsi, 1-4 zhovtnia 2001 r.). Chernivt︠s︡i: Zoloti litavry. ISBN 978-966-8029-28-8.
  10. ^"STRYISKYI PARK". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  11. ^Lewicki, Jakub (2005). Między tradycją a nowoczesnością: architektura Lwowa lat 1893-1918 (Wyd. 1 ed.). Warszawa: Tow. Opieki nad Zabytkami : Wydawn. Neriton. ISBN 978-83-88372-29-2.
  12. ^"Julian Oktawian Zachariewicz – zapomniany ojciec polskiej architektury". Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  13. ^"Znaczenie działalności profesora Juliana Zachariewicza w popularyzacji sztuki witrażowej we Lwowie. Realizacje firmy "Tiroler Glasmalerei und Mosaik Anstalt" na terenie Galicji Wschodniej". Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  14. ^"ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION AT LVIV POLYTECHNIC DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD"(PDF). Retrieved 2019-08-06.
  15. ^Minkiewicz W. Z powodu I wystawy Architektury we Lwowie // Czasopismo Techniczne. — 1910. — № 23. — S. 359; — № 24. — S. 384.
  16. ^V Zjazd Techników Polskich we Lwowie // Czasopismo Techniczne. — 1910. — № 22. — S. 340.
  17. ^Drobne wiadomości // Architekt. — 1905. — № 4. — S. 64.

Bibliography

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