King Abdulaziz International Airport

King Abdulaziz International Airport
مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي
Mataar Al-Malik Abdulaziz Al-Duwaly
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorJeddah Airports Company / Royal Saudi Air Force
ServesJeddah and Mecca, Saudi Arabia
LocationJeddah, Saudi Arabia
Opened31 May 1981 (1981-05-31)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL15 m / 48 ft
Coordinates21°40′46″N039°09′24″E / 21.67944°N 39.15667°E / 21.67944; 39.15667
Websitewww.kaia.sa
Maps
JED is located in Saudi Arabia
JED
JED
Location of airport in Saudi Arabia
Show map of Saudi Arabia
JED is located in Middle East
JED
JED
JED (Middle East)
Show map of Middle East
JED is located in Asia
JED
JED
JED (Asia)
Show map of Asia
Map
Interactive map of King Abdulaziz International Airport
Runways
DirectionLength Surface
m ft
16L/34R 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
16C/34C 4,000 13,123 Concrete
16R/34L 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers42,700,000[1]
Traffic movement250,000[1]
Economic impact (2012)$11.5 billion[2]
Social impact (2012)126,700[2]
Aerial view with old South Terminal, the new Terminal 1 can be seen in the background

King Abdulaziz International Airport[a] (IATA: JED, ICAO: OEJN, colloquially referred to as Jeddah Airport, Jeddah International Airport, or KAIA), is a major international airport serving the cities of Jeddah and Mecca in Saudi Arabia, located 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of Jeddah and covering an area of 112 square kilometres (43 sq mi). In terms of annual passenger count, the airport is consistently the busiest in Saudi Arabia and one of the busiest in the Middle East, owing partly to its unique role in the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Opened in 1981, it was built to replace the now-demolished Jeddah International Airport located in Al-Kandarah, and is named after the founder of Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz.

The airport shares its airfield with the RSAF King Abdullah Air Base, and has a royal terminal and three operational passenger terminals, including a Hajj Terminal built exclusively to handle increased traffic during the pilgrimage season. It serves as the largest hub for Saudia, the Saudi flag carrier, and as an operating base for national low-cost carriersFlynas and Flyadeal.[3]

History

Before the construction of the King Abdulaziz International Airport, Jeddah and the surrounding region were served by the Jeddah International Airport (also called Kandara Airport) located in the southern part of the city. Following a meeting between King Abdulaziz and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, the kingdom was gifted a Douglas DC-3 that was operated between the cities of Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dhahran. In 1946, Saudia, the Saudi flag carrier, was set up and operated out of the airport. The company began flying in Hajj pilgrims to the city, first from Lod in Mandatory Palestine, and later from other countries.[4]

Construction

Plans for a new airport located outside of Jeddah were first conceived in 1965 as a small project costing not more than US $20 million. In 1967, two proposals from two American companies were made, with the estimated cost significantly increasing to US $275 million. However, the project was shelved until 1974. As part of the government-launched Airports Development Program, in 1974, a new site was selected north of Jeddah and construction began in 1975. German contractor Hochtief had won the bid, and the project was estimated to cost US $375 million.[5] Between 1976 and 1980, the total budget of $8 billion USD was set aside for civil aviation in a government 5-year plan. This funding was made to continue efforts which had previously started in the plan. Of the $8 billion, only $5 billion USD was specifically allocated for the construction of the new airport.[6] Construction work was finalized in 1980. A contract for the maintenance of the airport was awarded to Hochtief AG, and the cleaning contract of the airport was awarded to South Korean companies.[7] On 12 April 1981, King Khaled and Prince Fahd inaugurated the airport, naming it King Abdulaziz International Airport, which is named after the founder of the kingdom. Opening ceremonies of the airport were held. Notably, in an embarrassing incident, a Western consul spent five minutes accidentally referring to a bodyguard as "Your Royal Highness" before the crown prince actually arrived, unable to tell them alike.[8] Following inauguration, the airport opened for service on 31 May, and the old Jeddah International Airport was demolished.[9][10]

Terminals

Hajj Terminal
South Terminal
٘North Terminal
North Terminal interior

Terminal 1

As part of the 2006 development project, a new passenger terminal was constructed. At 810,000 m2 (8,700,000 sq ft), it is one of the largest airport terminals in the world and can handle 30 million passengers annually.[11] Still referred to as the New Terminal, it underwent a soft opening with a domestic flight landing from Gurayat in May 2018. In March 2019, all of Saudia's domestic operations were transferred to operate from the new terminal.[12] In August 2019, Saudia started moving international operations to the new terminal,[13] and in September of that year, the new terminal was officially named Terminal 1 and inaugurated by King Salman.[14] On 18 November 2019, Etihad became the first non-Saudi airline to move to the new facility.[15]

Jeddah airport terminal 1 outside view
Terminal 1 outside view

New facilities at Terminal 1 include new lounges, a 18,000 m2 (190,000 sq ft) central garden, a 14-metre (46 ft) tall aquarium that is 10 metres (33 ft) in diameter.

JED airport aquarium
JED airport aquarium

A mosque with a capacity of 3,732 worshippers.

Jeddah Airport HHSR station inside view
Jeddah Airport HHSR station inside view

Also a transport center that links the terminal building to the parking area and the Airport–Jeddah station of the Haramain High Speed Railway.[16] It is eventually planned to handle 80 million passengers per year.

As of November 2024, Terminal 1 handles most of the flight operations coming into Jeddah, approximately handling 19 airlines, including British Airways, Emirates, and Thai Airways International.

South Terminal

Opened in 1981, the South Terminal was one of the first passenger terminals at the airport, and was initially exclusively used by the national flag carrier, Saudia. The architectural design of the building was modeled on Dulles International Airport in the American capital, Washington, D.C., and incorporated tent-like structures. The terminal building consisted of separate departure and arrival lounges, and gates equipped with jet bridges. In 2007, Saudi low-cost carriers Flynas and Sama were also given permission to use the South Terminal, and later, permission to use the terminal was extended to the Indonesian flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia, and another Saudi low-cost airline, Flyadeal. After 40 years of service, on 26 June 2020, it was announced via the airport's official Twitter account that the South Terminal would be closed and its operations would be transferred to the newly-built Terminal 1.[17][18]

North Terminal

The North Terminal at King Abdulaziz International Airport is mainly used by non-Saudi airlines. It was originally planned to accommodate Hajj pilgrimage, however it was far too small and a site further north was selected.[7]

Hajj Terminal

Because of Jeddah's proximity to the city of Mecca, the airport has a dedicated Hajj Terminal built to handle pilgrims taking part in the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage. The Hajj Terminal can accommodate 80,000 travelers at any given time. The terminal building was designed by Bangladeshi-American architect Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, and is known for its tent-like roof structure, engineered by Horst Berger of Geiger Berger Associates.[19] The roof is composed of ten modules, each consisting of twenty-one white tent-like Teflon-coated fiberglass structures suspended from pylons. The modules are grouped together into two blocks of five modules each, separated by a landscaped mall between the blocks.[20][21]

Only customs, baggage handling and similar facilities are located in the air-conditioned building. The vast majority of the complex is a flexible, open area called the Terminal Support Area, which is conceived to function like a village, even consisting of a souk and mosque. Not enclosed by walls, this area is sheltered from the intense sun while allowing for natural ventilation; because of this, some consider it to be a green, environmentally-friendly building. The Hajj Terminal received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1983.[20][21]

Development projects

A development project for the airport started in 2006. The plan included the construction of Terminal 1 and the tallest air traffic control tower in the world at 136 metres (446 ft), airfield hard-standing and paved areas, lighting, fuel network systems, electronic passenger guidance systems and a new storm water drainage network. The development project also includes newly constructed support services building and upgrades to the existing runway and airfield systems.[22]

In 2023, it was announced that a further expansion of the airport is planned. A fourth runway and a new Terminal 2 are to be built.[23]

Other facilities

The General Authority of Civil Aviation maintains its presence at the Building 364, the GACA Hangar.[24] An automated people mover (APM), constructed by Alstom, exists to move passengers between Terminal 1 and the North Terminal.

The Royal Saudi Air Force maintains its presence at the King Abdullah Air Base located towards the north of the airport. The Number 4, Number 16, and Number 20 squadrons of the 8th Wing of the RSAF, operating Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft, use it as their home base.[25]

Haramain High Speed Railway station

Terminal 1 is connected to the Haramain High Speed Railway mainline via a 3.75-kilometre (2.33 mi) branch line. The station at the airport terminal building was named Airport–Jeddah station to distinguish it from the Al-Sulimaniyah–Jeddah station situated closer to downtown Jeddah. It provides regular connections to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, and to the King Abdullah Economic City.[26]

Preceding station Saudi Arabia RailwaysFollowing station
King Abdullah Economic City
towards Medina
Haramain High Speed RailwayJeddah
towards Mecca

Runways

The airport is served by three parallel runways designated 16L/34R, 16C/34C, and 16R/34L.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean AirlinesAthens[27]
Air ArabiaAlexandria,[28]Assiut, Cairo,[29]Luxor,[30]Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah[31]
Air India ExpressBengaluru,[32]Hyderabad, Kannur,[33]Kozhikode[34], Lucknow, Mangaluru, Tiruchirappalli[35]
Air SamarkandSamarqand[36]
Akasa AirAhmedabad,[37]Bengaluru,[38]Kochi, Mumbai–Shivaji[39]
Air CairoCairo–Capital (begins 1 February 2026)[40]
azimuthMakhachkala,[41]Mineralnye Vody[41]
British AirwaysLondon–Heathrow[42]
Centrum AirTashkent[43]
CitilinkSeasonal:Banda Aceh,[44]Kediri[45]
EgyptairAlexandria,[28]Cairo,[29]Seasonal:Sharm El Sheikh[46]
EmiratesDubai–International[47]
Ethiopian AirlinesAddis Ababa[48]
Etihad AirwaysAbu Dhabi[49]Seasonal:Al Ain[50]
EurowingsBerlin, Cologne/Bonn[51]Seasonal:Stuttgart
FlyadealAbha, Alexandria, Cairo, Damascus, Dammam,[52]Gassim,[52]Karachi, Sohag, Tabuk,[53]TashkentSeasonal:Makassar[54][55]
FlydubaiDubai–International[47]
FlynasAbu Dhabi,[56]Adana/Mersin,[57]Addis Ababa,[58]Almaty, Asmara, Assiut, Baku, Berlin, Bishkek, Brussels, Damascus, Dhaka,[59]Djibouti, Doha,[60]Dubai–Al Maktoum,[56]Erbil,[61]Entebbe (begins 24 March 2026)[62], Giza,[63]Hofuf, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Moscow-Vnukovo,[64]Mumbai–Shivaji, Namangan,[65]Osh, Pristina, Sohag, Tashkent, YanbuSeasonal:Batumi, Bodrum, El Alamein, Kozhikode,[66]Rize–Artvin, Salzburg[67]
Garuda IndonesiaSeasonal:Yogyakarta–International[68]
Gulf AirBahrain[69]
IndiGoAhmedabad,[70]Bengaluru,[71]Hyderabad[72]Kozhikode[73]
Kam AirKabul, Khost, Mazar-i-Sharif
Lion AirSeasonal:Banda Aceh,[74]Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[75]Yogyakarta–International[74]
Malaysia AirlinesSeasonal:Penang[76]
Qanot SharqBukhara,[77]Fergana, Tashkent[78]
Qatar AirwaysDoha[79]
SalamAirSohar[80]
SaudiaAbha,[81]Abu Dhabi,[81]Al Baha,[81]Alexandria,[81]Al Jawf,[81]Al Ula,[81]Amman–Queen Alia,[81]Amsterdam,[81]Ankara, Arar,[81]Baghdad,[82]Bahrain,[81]Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[81][83]Barcelona,[81][84]Beijing–Daxing, Bengaluru,[81]Birmingham,[81][85]Bisha,[81]Cairo,[81]Casablanca,[81]Chennai, Dammam,[81]Dawadmi,[81]Delhi,[81]Denpasar,[81]Doha,[86]Dubai–International,[81]Frankfurt,[81]Gassim,[81]Geneva,[81]Gurayat,[81]Ha'il,[81]Hyderabad,[81]Istanbul,[81]Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[81]Jizan,[81]Kano,[81]Kochi,[81]Kozhikode,[87][88]London–Gatwick,[81]London–Heathrow,[81]Lucknow,[81]Madrid,[81]Malè,[81]Manchester,[81]Manila,[81]Mauritius,[81]Medan, Milan–Malpensa,[81]Multan, Mumbai–Shivaji,[81]Munich,[81]Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta,[81]Najran,[81]Neom Bay,[81]New York–JFK,[81]Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[81]Phuket, Qaisumah,[81]Rafha,[81]Red Sea,[81]Riyadh,[81]Rome–Fiumicino,[81]Sharm El Sheikh,[81]Sharurah,[81]Singapore,[81]Tabuk,[81]Toronto–Pearson,[81]Wadi al-Dawasir,[81]Washington–Dulles[81]Seasonal:Antalya,[81]Athens,[81]El Alamein,[81]Heraklion,[81]Los Angeles,[81]Málaga,Venice,[81]Vienna,[81]Zurich
ScootSingapore[89]
Sudan AirwaysPort Sudan[90]
Somon AirDushanbe[91]
SpiceJetDelhi[92]
Syrian AirAleppo,[93]Damascus[94]
Wizz AirBudapest,[95]London–Gatwick,[96][97][98]Milan–Malpensa,[99]Rome–Fiumicino,[100]Vienna (ends 15 March 2026)[101]

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
Ethiopian Airlines CargoAddis Ababa[102]
My FreighterTashkent[103]
Saudia CargoBengaluru,[104]New York–JFK,[105]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 26 November 1979, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740, a Boeing 707, crashed soon after takeoff when a fire started on board. There were no survivors among the 156 passengers and crew on board.
  • On 6 February 1991, when the airport was being used as an air base during the Gulf War, a United States Air ForceBoeing KC-135 Stratotanker suffered an accident when two of the KC-135's four engines ripped off and made an emergency landing at the base, two tires burst during the landing.
  • On 11 July 1991, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120, a Douglas DC-8-61, suffered cabin pressure problems followed by a fire due to a failed landing gear. The pilots tried to return to the airport but failed to reach it and the plane crashed, killing all 247 passengers and 14 crew.[106]
  • On 1 March 2004, PIA Flight 2002, an Airbus A300B4-200, burst two tires whilst taking off. Fragments of the tire were ingested by the engines, causing the engines to catch fire and takeoff was aborted. Substantial damage to the engine and the left wing caused the aircraft to be written off. All 261 passengers and 12 crew survived.[107]
  • In July 2015, a Saudi Arabian Airlines plane was taxiing to the terminal when it crashed into an airport vehicle.[108]

Statistics

PassengersYear5,000,00010,000,00015,000,00020,000,00025,000,00030,000,00035,000,00040,000,0001995200020052010201520202025PassengersAnnual passenger traffic

See also

Notes

  1. ^Arabic: مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي

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