2024 Florida Amendment 4

2024 Florida Amendment 4
November 5, 2024
Amendment to Limit Government Interference with Abortion
OutcomeAmendment not adopted (failed to reach 60% threshold)
Results
Choice
Votes %
Yes6,070,75857.17%
No4,548,379 42.83%
Valid votes 10,619,137 96.50%
Invalid or blank votes 385,072 3.50%
Total votes11,004,209100.00%
Registered voters/turnout13,949,168 78.89%
County results

Florida Amendment 4[1] was a proposed amendment to the Florida Constitution, which failed on November 5, 2024.[2][3] Through a statewide referendum, the amendment achieved 57% support among voters in the U.S. state of Florida, short of the 60% supermajority required by law.

The amendment would have enshrined a right to abortion in the Florida Constitution before fetal viability (generally considered to be between 23 and 24 weeks gestational age) and nullified then-existing statutes such as the Heartbeat Protection Act. It would have also permitted abortion after viability (23 weeks to birth) for any reason a healthcare provider determined to be related to health.[4]

Content

The ballot summary for the amendment stated the following:[3]

No law shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability, or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's health-care provider. This amendment does not change the Legislature's constitutional authority to require notification to a parent or guardian before a minor has an abortion.

The initiative would have added the following text to Article I of the Florida Constitution:

Except as provided in Article X, Section 22, no law shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability, or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's health-care provider.

Financial impact statement

The financial impact statement for the amendment stated the following:

The proposed amendment would result in significantly more abortions and fewer live births per year in Florida. The increase in abortions could be even greater if the amendment invalidates laws requiring parental consent before minors undergo abortions and those ensuring only licensed physicians perform abortions. There is also uncertainty about whether the amendment will require the state to subsidize abortions with public funds. Litigation to resolve those and other uncertainties will result in additional costs to the state government and state courts that will negatively impact the state budget. An increase in abortions may negatively affect the growth of state and local revenues over time. Because the fiscal impact of increased abortions on state and local revenues and costs cannot be estimated with precision, the total impact of the proposed amendment is indeterminate.[5]

The financial impact statement was strongly criticized by amendment supporters, such as Floridians Protecting Freedom, who accused it of being a misleading political statement.[6]

Ballot access

Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, a Republican, has opposed the ballot initiative since October 2023, when she asked the Florida Supreme Court to analyze the ballot initiative.[7][8] In November 2023, Moody urged the Florida Supreme Court to block the ballot initiative, as she questioned the definition of "viability" and argued that the ballot initiative will "lay ticking time bombs that will enable abortion proponents later to argue that the amendment has a much broader meaning than voters would ever have thought".[9]

The Florida Supreme Court in April 2024 approved Florida Amendment 4 to be placed on the ballot for voting in November 2024, because it adequately satisfied the requirements set.[10] Despite Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody arguing that some of the language was deceptive, the Florida Supreme Court instead ruled that "it cannot be said that the ballot summary will mislead voters regarding the actual text of the proposed amendment."[11] The Florida Supreme Court further stated that "the broad sweep of this proposed amendment is obvious in the language of the summary. Denying this requires a flight from reality", while ruling that there is "no basis for concluding that the proposed amendment is facially invalid under the United States Constitution."[10][12]

Attempted censorship of campaign advertising

On October 4, 2024, the Florida Department of Health's general counsel John Wilson sent cease and desist notices to multiple Florida television stations, threatening prosecution if they did not retract a campaign advertisement for Amendment 4. The department alleged the ad falsely implied that abortions to protect the life of the mother were not possible under current state law;[13][14] while the Heartbeat Protection Act does contain exceptions for these scenarios, they are considered vague, and there have been reports of patients turned away by Florida hospitals due to uncertainties under the law.[15][16] The letter asserted that the ad "threatens or impairs" the health of Florida residents by encouraging them to delay their abortion or pursue one out-of-state, therefore constituting a "sanitary nuisance" punishable as a criminal misdemeanor under state law.[17][18][19] One station—WINK-TV in Fort Myers—complied with the cease and desist order.[20]

The threat was criticized by Floridians Protecting Freedom (FPF)—the organization who produced the ad—who stated that it was an "unconstitutional state action", and "a textbook example of government coercion that violates the First Amendment."[19][13]FCC chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel stated that "threats against broadcast stations for airing content that conflicts with the government's views are dangerous and undermine the fundamental principle of free speech."[13][19] On October 12, it was reported that Wilson had quietly resigned.[14]

On October 16, FPF filed a lawsuit against the Florida government, alleging "unconstitutional coercion and viewpoint discrimination" in its threats against television stations. The suit argued that the Florida government "cannot use its coercive powers as the state to attempt to chill or suppress the speech of FPF or others who would speak in support of the amendment or facilitate that speech. Wilson and surgeon general Joseph Ladapo are named in the lawsuit.[15] The next day, a 12-day restraining order was granted against Ladapo by Judge Mark Walker, stating "to keep it simple for the State of Florida: it's the First Amendment, stupid."[21]

In an affidavit, Wilson revealed that he had been directed to send the letters by Ryan Dean Newman and Jed Doty—the general counsel and deputy general counsel of Governor Ron DeSantis. He stated that he was not involved in the writing of the letters, and that he had resigned from his position in condemnation of their actions. FPF subsequently dropped Wilson from the suit.[20]

Support and opposition

Yes

U.S. executive branch officials

Labor unions

Organizations

No

U.S. executive branch officials

  • Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States (2017–2021, 2025-present) (Republican)[34]

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

Statewide officials

State senators

  • Jay Collins, state senator from the 14th district (2022–2025) (Republican)[40]

Individuals

Organizations

Florida governor Ron DeSantis in April 2024 criticized Florida Amendment 4 as "radical" and "very, very extreme".[39] Florida State Senator Shevrin Jones supported the amendment, stating "Abortion IS healthcare, and every Floridian should be able to access the care they need without government interference."[48]

Former President Donald Trump, who is a Florida resident and the Republican presidential nominee for the 2024 presidential election, has stated that he will vote "No" on the amendment, after previously stating that he is "going to be voting that we need more than six weeks".[49]

Polling

A 60% supermajority vote is required for the amendment to be approved.

Poll source Date(s)administered Samplesize[a]Marginof error For[b]Against Undecided
Stetson University[50][51]October 25 – November 1, 2024 452 (LV) ± 5.0% 64%36%–
Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[52]October 19–27, 2024 913 (RV) ± 3.2% 58%32% 11%
St. Pete Polls[53][A]October 23–25, 2024 1,227 (LV) ± 2.8% 54%38% 8%
University of North Florida[54]October 7–18, 2024 853 (LV) ± 3.49% 60%32%8%
New York Times/Siena College[55]September 29 – October 6, 2024 622 (LV) ± 4.8% 46%38% 16%
Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy[56]October 1–4, 2024 625 (RV) ± 4.0% 61%33% 6%
Public Policy Polling (D)[57][B]September 25–26, 2024 808 (RV) ± 3.5% 58%31% 11%
Victory Insights (R)[58]September 22–25, 2024 600 (LV) ± 4.4% 50%29% 21%
NextGen Polling[59][C]September 6–9, 2024 1,745 (LV) ± 2.0% 57%27% 16%
Public Policy Polling (D)[60][D]August 21–22, 2024 837 (RV) ± 3.4% 61%25% 14%
Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[61]August 10–11, 2024 1,055 (RV) ± 3.0% 56%21% 23%
University of North Florida[62]July 24–27, 2024 774 (LV) ± 4.6% 69%23%8%
Fox News/Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research[63]June 1–4, 2024 1,075 (RV) ± 3.0% 69%27% 4%
CBS News/YouGov[64]May 10–16, 2024 1,576 (LV) ± 3.1% 60%20% 19%
Cherry Communications (R)[65][E]April 28 – May 7, 2024 609 (LV) ± 4.0% 61%29% 10%
Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[66]April 15–17, 2024 865 (A) ± 3.3% 49%19% 32%
Emerson College[67]April 9–10, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 42%25% 32%
USA Today/Ipsos[68]April 5–7, 2024 890 (RV) ± 4.1% 57%36% 6%
University of North Florida[69]November 6–26, 2023 716 (RV) ± 4.37% 62%29% 9%

Results

Results by county

County[70]Yes No Total
# % # %
Alachua 92,163 68.13% 43,111 31.87% 135,274
Baker 3,618 24.56% 11,111 75.44% 14,729
Bay 42,780 44.36% 53,659 55.64% 96,439
Bradford 4,583 33.77% 8,988 66.23% 13,571
Brevard 197,886 55.51% 158,631 44.49% 356,517
Broward 578,431 68.96% 260,403 31.04% 838,834
Calhoun 1,986 31.62% 4,294 68.38% 6,280
Charlotte 63,573 52.5% 57,526 47.5% 121,099
Citrus 43,880 45.65% 52,244 54.35% 96,124
Clay 55,235 44.39% 69,198 55.61% 124,433
Collier 104,228 49.76% 105,245 50.24% 209,473
Columbia 12,784 38.67% 20,275 61.33% 33,059
Desoto 5,231 43.26% 6,861 56.74% 12,092
Dixie 2,444 30.49% 5,571 69.51% 8,015
Duval 271,761 58.56% 192,310 41.44% 464,071
Escambia 77,400 48.21% 83,140 51.79% 160,540
Flagler 40,301 51.61% 37,780 48.39% 78,081
Franklin 2,948 44.53% 3,672 55.47% 6,620
Gadsden 13,005 60.1% 8,634 39.9% 21,639
Gilchrist 3,193 30.17% 7,390 69.83% 10,583
Glades 2,089 40.59% 3,057 59.41% 5,146
Gulf 3,395 39.77% 5,141 60.23% 8,536
Hamilton 2,181 39.29% 3,370 60.71% 5,551
Hardee 2,627 33.03% 5,326 66.97% 7,953
Hendry 5,916 45.44% 7,103 54.56% 13,019
Hernando 54,831 50.54% 53,665 49.46% 108,496
Highlands 22,331 44.08% 28,324 55.92% 50,655
Hillsborough 398,948 60.82% 257,029 39.18% 655,977
Holmes 2,161 24.04% 6,829 75.96% 8,990
Indian River 51,402 53.09% 45,414 46.91% 96,816
Jackson 7,724 35.32% 14,146 64.68% 21,870
Jefferson 3,700 43.94% 4,721 56.06% 8,421
Lafayette 882 23.91% 2,807 76.09% 3,689
Lake 114,541 51.38% 108,370 48.62% 222,911
Lee 202,866 53.55% 175,951 46.45% 378,817
Leon 102,266 65.79% 53,170 34.21% 155,436
Levy 9,787 40.8% 14,199 59.2% 23,986
Liberty 1,048 30.64% 2,372 69.36% 3,420
Madison 3,418 38.08% 5,559 61.92% 8,977
Manatee 124,208 55.14% 101,071 44.86% 225,279
Marion 103,870 49.73% 104,986 50.27% 208,856
Martin 52,118 54.16% 44,105 45.84% 96,223
Miami-Dade 618,188 58.69% 435,185 41.31% 1,053,373
Monroe 27,672 64.24% 15,401 35.76% 43,073
Nassau 26,407 40.94% 38,102 59.06% 64,509
Okaloosa 48,973 43.64% 63,251 56.36% 112,224
Okeechobee 6,651 42.18% 9,119 57.82% 15,770
Orange 383,391 65.04% 206,093 34.96% 589,484
Osceola 95,792 57.5% 70,816 42.5% 166,608
Palm Beach 477,108 65.74% 248,619 34.26% 725,727
Pasco 171,517 55.31% 138,580 44.69% 310,097
Pinellas 319,590 63.63% 182,661 36.37% 502,251
Polk 174,725 51.44% 164,924 48.56% 339,649
Putnam 14,817 41.38% 20,987 58.62% 35,804
Santa Rosa 42,922 38.63% 68,188 61.37% 111,110
Sarasota 159,896 58.55% 113,194 41.45% 273,090
Seminole 151,224 60.37% 99,279 39.63% 250,503
St. Johns 96,070 49.43% 98,284 50.57% 194,354
St. Lucie 104,516 57.8% 76,292 42.2% 180,808
Sumter 49,023 47.89% 53,351 52.11% 102,374
Suwannee 7,064 32.89% 14,416 67.11% 21,480
Taylor 3,410 35.06% 6,316 64.94% 9,726
Union 1,735 28.16% 4,427 71.84% 6,162
Volusia 169,511 55.85% 133,990 44.15% 303,501
Wakulla 8,258 42.12% 11,347 57.88% 19,605
Walton 18,869 38.57% 30,050 61.43% 48,919
Washington 3,690 29.66% 8,749 70.34% 12,439
Total 6,070,758 57.17% 4,548,379 42.83% 10,619,137

See also

Notes

  1. ^Key:A – all adultsRV – registered votersLV – likely votersV – unclear
  2. ^60% approval is required for a Florida constitutional amendment

Partisan clients

  1. ^Poll sponsored by Florida Politics
  2. ^Poll sponsored by the Clean and Prosperous America (PAC)
  3. ^Poll sponsored by Pro-Life PC & Life First PC
  4. ^Poll sponsored by Clean and Prosperous America PAC
  5. ^Poll sponsored by the Florida Chamber of Commerce

References

  1. ^"Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  2. ^"Florida Amendment 4 Election Results 2024: Right to Abortion". The New York Times. November 5, 2024. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  3. ^ ab"Amendment to Limit Government Interference with Abortion". Florida Division of Elections. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  4. ^Girod, Brandon. "Florida's Amendment 4 has put a spotlight on the state's current six-week abortion laws". Pensacola News Journal. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
  5. ^"Florida Financial Impact Estimating Conference: Financial Impact Statement"(PDF). Florida Division of Elections. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  6. ^"Financial statement for Florida abortion amendment faces backlash". NBC 6 South Florida. July 16, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
  7. ^"Florida's Republican attorney general will oppose putting abortion rights amendment on 2024 ballot". Associated Press. October 11, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  8. ^"Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody to fight abortion amendment". CBS Miami. October 9, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  9. ^ abFarrington, Brendan (November 2, 2023). "Florida attorney general, against criticism, seeks to keep abortion rights amendment off 2024 ballot". Associated Press. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  10. ^ abMizelle, Shawna (April 1, 2024). "Florida Supreme Court clears the way for abortion ballot initiative while upholding 15-week abortion ban". CBS News. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  11. ^Suarez, Carlos; Royal, Denise; Forrest, Jack (April 2, 2024). "Florida six-week abortion ban will soon become law, but voters will consider a constitutional amendment this fall". CNN. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  12. ^Saunders, Jim (April 9, 2024). "Abortion proposal on Florida's November ballot might not end legal fights about the issue". WUSF (FM). Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  13. ^ abcReilly, Brian Stelter, Liam (October 8, 2024). "Florida is threatening to prosecute TV stations over an abortion rights ad. The FCC calls it 'dangerous'". CNN. Retrieved October 9, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ abCebellos, Ana (October 12, 2024). "Top Florida health department attorney leaves". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
  15. ^ abSherman, Carter (October 16, 2024). "Florida sued over attempts to shut down TV ad in favor of abortion rights". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
  16. ^Sherman, Carter (August 30, 2024). "Whole Woman's Health abortion clinic offers 'hopeful' sanctuary for US south". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
  17. ^"DeSantis threatens local TV stations for airing abortion rights campaign ads". The Independent. October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  18. ^Stern, Mark Joseph (October 7, 2024). "Ron DeSantis' Administration Is Threatening to Prosecute the Media for Airing Pro-Choice Ads". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  19. ^ abcRusson, Gabrielle (October 8, 2024). "FCC warns Florida: Threatening TV stations over abortion ad violates First Amendment". Florida Politics. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  20. ^ ab"DeSantis health lawyer resigned to avoid threatening more TV stations". Tampa Bay Times. October 21, 2024. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
  21. ^Reilly, Liam; Stelter, Brian (October 17, 2024). "'It's the First Amendment, stupid': Federal judge blasts DeSantis administration for threats against TV stations". CNN.
  22. ^Stofan, Jake (April 23, 2024). "President Biden leans in backing Florida abortion initiative, while Trump avoids taking a stance". FOX 30. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  23. ^"Statement from Roxey Nelson of 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East On Florida Supreme Court Amendment 4 Reproductive Rights Ruling". 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East. April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  24. ^@ACLUFL (April 19, 2024). ""Scenes like this are what awaits those who are pregnant in Florida under the six-week abortion ban that starts in May. Vote YES on 4 this November to stop government interference in abortion" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  25. ^@Catholics4Choice (May 15, 2024). ""I grew up Catholic. Here's why I'm fighting against Florida's six-week abortion ban." #YesOn4 Read more in this powerful op-ed by CFC advocate Olga Granda ➡️" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  26. ^@equalityfl (April 1, 2024). "BREAKING: The FL Supreme Court has just ruled in favor of adding abortion to the General Election ballot this November! This is a huge step forward in the fight to protect abortion rights in Florida. But the work isn't over! Join @yes4florida to help pass Amendment 4!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  27. ^Littlefield, Amy (February 19, 2024). "Will a Florida Ballot Measure to Protect Abortion Shake Up the State's Politics This November?". The Nation. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  28. ^@FlaDems (April 23, 2024). "President Biden said it best: Don't mess with the women of America. It's time to turn out and vote YES on Amendment 4 in November to protect reproductive rights once and for all" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  29. ^"We can Guarantee access to abortion in FL". Florida Women's Freedom Coalition. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  30. ^"FFRF Action Fund grants support for 11 pro-abortion state referenda". ffrfaction.org. September 24, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
  31. ^@LWVFL (May 9, 2024). "Hundreds packed the Winter Park Events Center to hear what's changed and what's next when it comes to abortion access in Florida. A lot has changed in just the last week or so, with the state's six-week ban taking effect. Way to go @LWVOC! 🍊❤️ #YesOn4" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  32. ^@PPact (April 1, 2024). "Good news: Abortion is on the ballot in Florida this November, and Floridians will get to make the decision about their own reproductive rights and freedoms! 🙌🎊 Follow along @yes4florida to learn how to get involved" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  33. ^@reproforall (May 1, 2024). "If you live in Florida, get ready to vote YES on Amendment 4 to enshrine abortion rights in the state constitution, kick Rick Scott out of office (where he belongs!), and commit to being a #ReproFreedomVoter this November: https://act.reproductivefreedomforall.org/a/be-a-repro-freedom-voter?ms=twt_cul_elect_202405" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  34. ^"Gov. Trump Announces He's Voting Against Florida's Abortion Amendment 4, Calling It Too Extreme". Florida's Voice. August 30, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  35. ^Christopher Heath (April 16, 2024). "Florida Abortion amendment gets a 'no' from Sen. Rubio". WFTV9. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  36. ^Stephany Matat (April 10, 2024). "Sen. Rick Scott softens his abortion position after Florida Supreme Court ruling". WFTV9. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  37. ^ abcdVecerina, Michelle (August 26, 2024). "Several Florida GOP congressmen voice opposition to abortion Amendment 4". Florida's Voice. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
  38. ^ abDaugherty, Eric (August 28, 2024). "Florida Reps. Byron Donalds, Neal Dunn the latest to vocally oppose abortion Amendment 4". Florida's Voice. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  39. ^ ab"Gov. DeSantis calls abortion, marijuana ballot amendments too "radical" to pass". CBS Miami. April 5, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  40. ^Bakich, Jackson (September 9, 2024). "Pro-Life Collins Says 'There are No Moral Victories in Life,' Staunchly Opposes Amendment 4 Abortion Initiative". The Floridian. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  41. ^Bakich, Jackson (August 30, 2024). "Former NFL Football Coach Comes Out Against Amendment 4, Calling Measure 'Deceptive'". The Floridian. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  42. ^@DemsForLifeFL (May 17, 2024). "According to the Guttmacher Institute, half of all abortions involve couples who admittedly made no effort to avoid pregnancy, and half of all abortion users are repeats. Amendment 4 would allow abortion to continue to be used essentially as birth control. Vote no on Amendment 4" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  43. ^@FloridaGOP (May 6, 2024). "The Florida GOP Executive Board unanimously passed a resolution opposing amendments 3 (recreational marijuana) & 4 (abortion up until birth) & supporting the balance of the Constitutional amendments that will appear on the 2024 ballot. View Press Release" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  44. ^@LCActionorg (May 14, 2024). ""It's also important that we defeat (Amendment 4) to ensure Florida stays a pro-life sanctuary state and not a graveyard for the preborn." More on Florida's new Heartbeat Law and the threat of Amendment 4 from @JohnStemberger in @FLVoiceNews" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  45. ^@nrlc (April 23, 2024). "A day in the life of the abortion president. Joe visits Florida, Joe pushes the radical and dangerous abortion amendment, Joe eats Ice Cream, Joe Leaves Florida. Don't be like Joe; vote No on Amendment 4" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  46. ^@StudentsforLife (April 19, 2024). "SPREAD THE WORD — Vote NO on Amendment 4 in Florida this November! This week, our team traveled across the state of Florida to educate voters on this dangerous late-term abortion amendment. We must do everything we can to save as many innocent lives as we can. In case you didn't know, this ballot referendum will: - Legalize abortion through all 9 months. - Endanger mothers and underaged girls. - Allow non-physicians to commit abortions. Not to mention, this would completely overwrite all pro-life protections we've fought hard for in the state. These barbaric laws don't belong anywhere in the U.S. Learn more at http://AbortionBallot.org" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  47. ^@sbaprolife (May 2, 2024). "'Amendment 4 would not just get rid of the Heartbeat Act, it would get rid of all of our pro-life laws.' SBA's @KatieGlenn_ joined @EWTNNewsNightly to explain why Big Abortion is trying to strip parental consent in Florida with this extremely vague amendment. #flpol" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  48. ^Miami Times Staff (April 2, 2024). "Recreational weed and abortion referendums approved for Florida ballot". The Miami Times. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  49. ^"Trump comes out against Florida's abortion rights ballot measure after conservative backlash". NBC News. August 30, 2024. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  50. ^Lancaster, Cory (November 1, 2024). "Trump Holds 7-point Lead Over Harris in Florida, New CPOR Poll Finds".
  51. ^"November Poll Crosstabs"(PDF). Stetson University. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  52. ^"Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research"(PDF).
  53. ^Ogles, Jacob (October 28, 2024). "Poll shows abortion rights measure falling just short of passage in Florida; will need undecided voters to break its way".
  54. ^"University of North Florida"(PDF).
  55. ^"Cross-Tabs: October 2024 Times/Siena Poll of the Likely Electorate in Florida". The New York Times. October 8, 2024 – via NYTimes.com.
  56. ^Vela • •, Hatzel (October 13, 2024). "EXCLUSIVE: Trump leads Harris in Florida, new poll shows".
  57. ^"Public Policy Polling (D)"(PDF).
  58. ^"Victory Insights (R)"(PDF).
  59. ^Daugherty, Eric (September 11, 2024). "Poll finds Amendment 4 at 57% support, large amount of undecideds remain as election nears".
  60. ^"Public Policy Polling (D)"(PDF).
  61. ^"Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research"(PDF).
  62. ^"University of North Florida"(PDF).
  63. ^Balara, Victoria (June 6, 2024). "Fox News Poll: Trump holds 4-point edge in Florida rematch as majority says conviction won't matter to vote". Fox News.
  64. ^"Poll: Abortion rights draws support as most call current law "too strict" — but economy, inflation top factors for Floridians - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. May 30, 2024.
  65. ^Commerce, Florida Chamber of (May 10, 2024). "New Florida Chamber Statewide Poll Shows Donald Trump and Rick Scott Begin 2024 Campaigns With Leads, While Governor Ron DeSantis Remains Popular With Floridians".
  66. ^"Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research"(PDF).
  67. ^Mumford, Camille (April 11, 2024). "Florida 2024 Poll: Plurality Plan to Vote "Yes" on Abortion Protection Ballot Measure".
  68. ^"Nearly three in five registered voters in Florida favor expanding abortion access via ballot measure | Ipsos". www.ipsos.com. April 13, 2024.
  69. ^"University of North Florida"(PDF).
  70. ^"November 5, 2024 General Election - Official Results - Constitutional Amendment: Amendment to Limit Government Interference with Abortion". Florida Secretary of State. Retrieved September 27, 2025.
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