Outline of music
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to music:
Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise expressive content. Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all human societies. Definitions of music vary widely in substance and approach. While scholars agree that music is defined by a small number of specific elements, there is no consensus as to what these necessary elements are. Music is often characterized as a highly versatile medium for expressing human creativity. Diverse activities are involved in the creation of music, and are often divided into categories of composition, improvisation, and performance. Music may be performed using a wide variety of musical instruments, including the human voice. It can also be composed, sequenced, or otherwise produced to be indirectly played mechanically or electronically, such as via a music box, barrel organ, or digital audio workstation software on a computer.
Definition of music
- Definition of music
- One of the arts
- One of the performing arts
- One of the humanities
- An academic discipline
History of music
- Western classical music
- Dates of classical music eras
By region or ethnicity
- Timeline of trends in Australian music
- Byzantine music
- Timeline of Chinese music
- Timeline of Italian music
- Timeline of music in the United States
- History of music in the biblical period
Musical ensembles
Genres of music
Music by region
Cultural and regional genres of music
- West Africa
- Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo
- North Africa
- Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • South Sudan • Tunisia • Western Sahara
- Central Africa
- East Africa
- Southern Africa
- Botswana • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa • Eswatini
- Dependencies
- Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Asia
- Central Asia
- East Asia
- China • Tibet• Hong Kong • Macau •Japan • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan
- North Asia
- Southeast Asia
- Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia • Indonesia • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines (Metro Manila) • Singapore • Thailand • Timor-Leste • Vietnam
- South Asia
- Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka
- India
- States of India: Andhra Pradesh • Arunachal Pradesh • Assam • Bihar • Chhattisgarh • Goa • Gujarat • Haryana • Himachal Pradesh • Jammu and Kashmir • Jharkhand • Karnataka • Kerala • Madhya Pradesh • Maharashtra • Manipur • Meghalaya • Mizoram • Nagaland • Odisha • Punjab • Rajasthan • Sikkim • Tamil Nadu • Telangana • Tripura • Uttar Pradesh • Uttarakhand • West Bengal
- West Asia
- Armenia • Azerbaijan • Bahrain • Cyprus (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia • Iran • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • State of Palestine • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey • United Arab Emirates • Yemen
- Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)
- North Caucasus
- Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)
- North Caucasus
- South Caucasus
- Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)
- South Caucasus
- Europe
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy (Rome) • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia •
- Norway
- Spain
- Autonomous communities of Spain: Catalonia
- Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Vatican City
- North America
- Canada
- Provinces of Canada: • Alberta • British Columbia (Vancouver) • Manitoba • New Brunswick • Newfoundland and Labrador • Nova Scotia • Ontario • Prince Edward Island • Quebec • Saskatchewan
- Territories of Canada:Northwest Territories • Nunavut • Yukon
- Canada
- Alabama • Alaska • Arizona (Tucson) • Arkansas • California (Los Angeles) • ColoradoDenver • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia (Athens, Atlanta) • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois (Chicago) • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland (Annapolis, Baltimore) • Massachusetts • Michigan (Detroit) • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York (New York City) • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • TexasAustin • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington (Olympia, Seattle) • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
- Central America
- Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama
- Central America
- Caribbean
- Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands
- Caribbean
- Oceania(includes the continent of Australia)
- Australasia
- Australia
- New Zealand
- Australia
- Melanesia
- Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only) • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu •
- Micronesia
- Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (USA) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) •
- Polynesia
- American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France)
- Australasia
- South Atlantic
Musical compositions
Types of musical pieces and compositions
Single-movement forms
- Strophic form (AA...)
- Binary form (AB)
- Ternary form less often tertiary (ABA)
- Arch form (ABCBA)
Multi-movement forms
- Ballet
- Cantata
- Chorale
- Concerto
- Dance
- Etude
- Fantasia
- Fugue
- Mass
- Opera
- Oratorio
- Prelude
- Requiem
- Rhapsody
- Sonata
- Suite
- Symphonic poem
- Symphony
Sections of a piece or composition
- Introduction
- Exposition
- Recapitulation
- Verse
- Refrain (chorus)
- Bridge
- Interlude
- Guitar solo
- Conclusion
- Coda
- Fadeout
Musical notation
- Staff
- Grand staff
- Notes
- Accidentals
- Lyrics (included on vocal music)
- Modern musical symbols
- Score (for ensembles)
- Sheet music
Variations of musical notation
Musical techniques
- Bell chord
- Broken chords
- Ostinato
- Tremolo
- Guitar performance techniques
Musical skills and procedures
- Absolute pitch
- Ear training
- Fingering
- Learning music by ear
- Modulation
- Numerical sight-singing
- Practice
- Relative pitch
- Sight reading
- "Swinging"
- Transposition
- Tuning
- Virtuosity
Vocal ranges
Female ranges
Male ranges
Musical instruments
Musical instrument (List of musical instruments)
- Wind instruments
- Percussion instruments
- String instruments
- Voice
- Electronic instruments
- Keyboard instruments
See also theList of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number
Music technology
- Electric music technology
- Electronic and digital music technology
- Mechanical music technology
- List of music software
Music industry
- Album
- Compact disc (CD)
- Compact Cassette
- Concert
- Concert tour
- Grammy Awards
- Music recording sales certification
- Performance
- Music videos
- Record
- Record industry
- Recording studio
- Single
Music industry participants
- A&R
- ASCAP
- Band manager
- Booking agent
- BMI
- Copyright collective
- Disc jockey
- MCPS
- Musicians – person who writes, performs, or makes music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music.
- Instrumentalist – one who plays a musical instrument.
- Traditional instrumentalist – one who plays folk music on traditional instruments such as gongs.
- Classical instrumentalist – one who plays classical music, usually with Western orchestral instruments such as the violin, flute etc.
- Instrumentalists who plays popular music – one who plays with instruments in the big band, e.g. the electric guitar, drums, saxophone, trumpet, trombone etc.
- Singer – a vocalist.
- Composer – person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media.
- Conductor – leads a musical ensemble. A conductor may simultaneously act as an instrumentalist in the ensemble.
- Recording artist – creates recorded music, such as CDs and MP3 files.
- Instrumentalist – one who plays a musical instrument.
- Musicians' Union
- Publisher
- PRS
- Record producer
- Record label
- Record distributor
- Tour promoter
- Road crew ("roadies")
- Performance rights organisation
Music theory
Elements of music
- Pitch
- Scale
- Mode
- Chord
- Dynamics (music)
- Articulation
- Texture
- Consonance and dissonance
- Expression
- Harmony
- Melody
- Musical form
- Notation
- Rhythm
- Timbre
Musicology
- Biomusicology
- Cognitive musicology
- Ethnomusicology
- Historical musicology
- Systematic musicology
- Sociomusicology (music sociology)
- Philosophy of music
- Music acoustics (physics of music)
- Computer sciences of music
- Zoomusicology
Music education
Music and politics
Music organizations
- Musicians' Union (UK)
- Sony Music Entertainment
- International Music Council
- International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
- Australian Recording Industry Association
Music publications
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Psychology of music
- Cognitive musicology
- Cognitive neuroscience of music
- Culture in music cognition
- Music and emotion
- Music-specific disorders
- Music therapy
- Psychoacoustics
- Psychoanalysis and music
- Psychology of music preference
See also
- Index of music articles
- Glossary of musical terminology
- Outline of the Beatles
- Outline of Bob Marley
- Outline of the Doors
- Outline of jazz
- Outline of opera
External links
Music at Wikipedia's sister projects
- Definitions from Wiktionary
- Media from Commons
- News from Wikinews
- Quotations from Wikiquote
- Texts from Wikisource
- Textbooks from Wikibooks
- Resources from Wikiversity
- Taxonomy of musical instruments
- The Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary, with definitions, pronunciations, examples, quizzes and simulations
- The Music-Web Music Encyclopedia, for musicians, composers and music lovers
- Dolmetsch free online music dictionary, complete, with references to a list of specialised music dictionaries (by continent, by instrument, by genre, etc.)
- Musico-Dico, a little music encyclopedia
- "On Hermeneutical Ethics and Education: Bach als Erzieher"Archived 2013-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, a paper by Prof. Miguel Ángel Quintana Paz in which he explains the history of the different views hold about music in Western societies, from Ancient Greece to our days
- BBC Blast Music For 13- to 19-year-olds interested in learning about, making, performing and talking about music
- Musical Terms - Glossary of music terms from Naxos
- Monthly Online Features From Bloomingdale School of Music, addressing a variety of musical topics for a wide audience
- Arts and Music Uplifting Society towards Transformation and Tolerance Articles meant to stimulate people's awareness about the peace enhancing, transforming
- PhilosophyOfMusic.org edited by Dustin Garlitz
- Experimental Early Music