^ Hine, William C. "Rainey, Joseph Hayne (1832–1887)" . Walter B. Edgar (編) 著. South Carolina Encyclopedia . Columbia: Institute for Southern Studies, University of South Carolina. 2013年11月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 2013年5月28日閲覧。
^ Cosham, Ralph H. (1963年11月25日). "Negro Comes to Television; Sponsors Happy" . Nashville Banner . United Press International. p. 29. 2021年1月29日閲覧– Newspapers.com経由。 …黒人がレギュラー出演しているドラマ番組は1つだけ。その黒人はCBSの新シリーズ「イースト・サイド、ウエスト・サイド」でソーシャルワーカーを演じているシシリー・タイソンである。
First African Americans inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame: New York Renaissance, inducted as a team. (See also: Bob Douglas, 1972; Bill Russell, 1975; Clarence Gaines, 1982)
First African-American actress to star in her own television series where she did not play a domestic worker: Diahann Carroll in Julia (see also: 1963)
First African-American woman as a presidential candidate: Charlene Mitchell (See also: Shirley Chisholm, 1972)
First African American to chair a department at Harvard Medical School (now called the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics): Harold Amos[448]
First African American (and first American of any race) to initiate the concept of free agency. He refused to accept a trade following the 1969 season, ultimately appealing his case to the U.S. Supreme Court. The trend of free agency expanded across the entire landscape of professional sports for all races and all cultures: Curt Flood (St. Louis Cardinals)[Note 19]
First African-American female jockey in the United States: Cheryl White[472]
First African American to appear by herself on the cover of Playboy: Darine Stern (October issue)
First African American to become president of the Public Library Association: Effie Lee Morris[473]*1971 DAV Scholarship First African American to receive scholarship to Art Institute of Chicago Mary J. Weatherspoon[tribute 20 years Disable American Veterans Association]
First African American to campaign for the U.S. presidency in a major political party: Shirley Chisholm (Democratic Party) (See also: 1968)
First African-American superhero to star in own comic-book series: Luke Cage, Marvel Comics' Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #1 (June 1972).[479][Note 17] (See also: Lobo, 1965, and the Falcon, 1969)
First African-American interracial romantic kiss in a mainstream comics magazine: "The Men Who Called Him Monster", by writer Don McGregor (See also: 1975) and artist Luis Garcia, in Warren Publishing's black-and-white horror-comics magazine Creepy #43 (Jan. 1972) (See also: 1975)[480]
First African American inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame: Team-owner and coach Bob Douglas, in the category of "contributor" (See also: New York Renaissance, 1963; player Bill Russell, 1975; coach Clarence Gaines, 1982)
First blind African-American psychiatrist in the United States: Edwin Nii Adom[484]
First U.S. naval ship, the USS Jesse L. Brown, that was named for an African-American officer who was the first African American naval officer killed in action during the Korean War was launched: Jesse L. Brown[485]
First African-American interracial couple in a TV-show cast: The Jeffersons, actors Franklin Cover (Caucasian) and Roxie Roker (African American) as Tom and Helen Willis, respectively; the show's creator: Norman Lear
First African-American woman to anchor a major United States network newscast: Carole Simpson[502]
First African-American woman to be appointed to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which is the court of last resort for the District of Columbia, and first to serve on any court of last resort in the United States: Julia Cooper Mack[503]
First African-American female elected officer of an international labor union: Addie L. Wyatt
First African American to become president of the American Library Association: Clara Stanton Jones, who served as its acting president from April 11 to July 22, 1976, and then its president from July 22, 1976, to 1977[507]
First African American and first woman to complete a neurosurgery residency at Case Western University, and the second African-American woman certified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery: M. Deborrah Hyde[546][547]
Vanessa L. WilliamsFirst African-American (mixed-race) Miss America: Vanessa L. Williams (A few weeks before the end of her reign as Miss America, Williams learned that Penthouse magazine would be publishing unauthorized nude photographs of her in an upcoming issue. Amid growing media controversy and scrutiny, Williams resigned as Miss America in July 1984 (under pressure from the Miss America Organization) and was replaced by first runner-up Miss New Jersey Suzette Charles, who was also African American.)
First African American to win a delegate-awarding U.S. presidential primary/caucus: Jesse Jackson (Louisiana, the District of Columbia, South Carolina, Virginia, and one of two separate Mississippi contests).
First African American to become a member of the U.S. Navy's Blue Angels precision flying team: Donnie Cochran. Also, first African American to command the team (1994).
First African-American (mixed-race) female general: Sherian Cadoria
First African-American woman, and first woman of any race, to set a Guinness World Record for the then-largest paying audience for a concert (180,000 fans): Tina Turner
First African American to win a medal at the Winter Olympics (a bronze in figure skating): Debi Thomas
First African-American woman named Poet Laureate of the United States since the position was created by an act of Congress in 1986 from the previous "consultant in poetry" position (1937–86): Rita Dove; also the youngest person named to that position[510]
First African-American woman to serve as a director of an institute of the NIH, acting in that capacity for the National Institute of Neorological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): Audrey S. Penn[622]
First African-American woman elected to serve as a State Treasurer in the United States and the first African-American woman elected to a statewide office in Connecticut: Denise Nappier[626]
First African-American woman to serve on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit: Ann Claire Williams
First African-American woman to head a publicly traded corporation when media company Radio One (Urban One), which she founded, went public: Cathy Hughes[631]
First African American and first woman to be promoted to Director of White House Photography: Sharon Farmer[632]
First and only African-American woman to fly the United States Air Force's U-2 spy plane: Merryl Tengesdal[647]
First African-American woman to earn a place on the U.S. Olympic Swim Team, where she won a silver medal on the 4×100 freestyle relay: Maritza Correia[648]
Developed the first orthotropic xenograft model of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma while simultaneously completing the first cytoreductive surgery and hyper-thermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy HIPEC for children with sarcomatosis, which improved the survival rate from 15 percent to over 60 percent: Andrea Hayes-Jordan[662][663]
First African-American woman to earn the role of First Captain, leader of the West Point Corps of Cadets: Simone Askew
First African-American woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for a feature-length documentary at the 89th Oscars: Ava DuVernay[713]
First African-American woman to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million: Ava DuVernay[714]
First African-American (and Asian-American) to be nominated as a major party U.S. vice-presidential candidate: Kamala Harris, Democratic Party (See also: 2003, 2021, and 2024)[736][737]
First African American to be appointed as a military Chief of Staff and first African American to lead any branch of the United States Armed Forces: Charles Q. Brown Jr.
First African-American Professor of Poetry, first African-American woman Professor and first Distinguished Visiting Poetry Professor of the Iowa Writers' Workshop: Tracie Morris[741]
First African-American elected official to lie in state at the U.S. Capitol Rotunda: John Lewis[732] (See also: 1998, 2005)
First Black person to dive to Challenger Deep, the deepest point on Earth, and to successfully operate a side scan sonar at full-ocean depth: Dawn Wright[781]
First African-American woman to be awarded the Berggruen Prize, a $1 Million Prize by the Berggruen Institute awarded annually to a thinker shaping political, economic, and social institutions: Patricia Hill Collins[793]
First African American woman and (Asian-American) to be nominated as a major party U.S. presidential candidate: Kamala Harris, Democratic Party[795]
First African-American descendent of Colonel John Hazzard Carson admitted to the Daughters of the American Revolution and first African-American member of the NSDAR Greenlee Chapter: Regina Lynch-Hudson
First African-American woman elected to the U.S. Senate in the state of Maryland: Angela Alsobrooks[796]
^Harris was Secretary on May 4, 1980, when the office changed names from Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to Secretary of Health and Human Services. Because the department merely changed names, she did not need to be confirmed again, and her term continued uninterrupted
^Because it was published in the UK, the book is not the first African-American novel published in the United States. This credit goes to one of two disputed books: Harriet Wilson's Our Nig (1859), brought to light by Henry Louis Gates Jr. in 1982; or Julia C. Collins' The Curse of Caste; or The Slave Bride (1865), brought to light by William L. Andrews, an English literature professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Mitch Kachun, a history professor at Western Michigan University, in 2006. Andrews and Kachun document Our Nig as a novelized autobiography, and argue that The Curse of Caste is the first fully fictional novel by an African American to be published in the United States.
^Founded earlier; not fully owned and operated by African Americans until 1863.
^Rainey, a South Carolina state senator, was elected to fill the seat vacated by B. Franklin Whittemore. Rainey took his seat on December 12, 1870. John Willis Menard was actually the first African American elected to the House (1868), but he was denied his seat.
^Douglass did not seek the nomination or campaign after being nominated.
^Parker graduated from Mount Holyoke when it was still a seminary.
^This was previously thought to be Sarah E. Goode (for the cabinet bed, Chicago, Illinois).[109]
^His son, Benjamin O. Davis Jr., was the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
^Gravely was also the first African American to command a U.S. Navy warship (1962), and the first promoted to the rank of admiral (1971).
^L. Clifford Davis applied to the law school in 1946, and after several failed attempts was granted admission in September 1947, but was unable to enroll in classes. Hunt later enrolled on February 2, 1948.[307]
^While considered a network for regulatory reasons, CBS TV was viewable only locally in 1948. By 1956, CBS and other networks were viewable nationwide.
^Clifton was the first to sign an NBA contract and subsequently play, Cooper was the first to be drafted by an NBA team, and Lloyd was the first to play in an NBA regular-season game because his team's opening game was one day before the others.
^While two black players won Gold Gloves that year, only Mays was African American. The other, Minnie Miñoso, was Afro Cuban.
^In 1998, the award would be renamed the Oscar Robertson Trophy after its first recipient.
^Harris's milestone came a year after Marlon Green, who had been rejected as a Continental Airlines applicant in 1957, won the United States Supreme Court case "Colorado Anti-Discrimination Commission v. Continental Airlines, Inc. 372 U.S. 714 no. 146", which found Green had been unlawfully discriminated against.[418]
^ a b cThe first black superhero, Marvel's Black Panther, introduced in Fantastic Four #52 (July 1966), is African, not African American. This is also true of the first black character to star in his own mainstream comic-book feature, Waku, Prince of the Bantu, who headlined one of four features in the multiple-character omnibus series Jungle Tales (September 1954 – September 1955), from Marvel's 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics.
^At the time, the NCAA had not yet adopted its three-division system. Illinois State was in the NCAA University Division, which became Division I in 1973. The NCAA retroactively considers University Division members to have been Division I members.
^Although Flood's legal challenge was unsuccessful, it brought about additional solidarity among players as they fought against baseball's reserve clause and sought free agency.
^The NHL had fielded black players for more than 20 years, with the first being Willie O'Ree in 1958, but all past black players were Black Canadians and not African Americans. In 1996, Mike Grier (Edmonton Oilers) became the first to have been both born and exclusively trained in the U.S., per Allen, Kevin (January 14, 2008). "Willie O'Ree still blazing way in NHL 50 years later". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
^Lewis Hamilton became the first black Formula One racer in 2006, but he is a British citizen of Grenadan ancestry, and not an African-American. Ribbs did not compete in a race, but drove a Formula One car professionally in January 1986 as a tester for the Brabham–BMW at Estoril, Portugal.
^Announced as Bobcats owner in December 2002, although the team did not begin to play until 2004.
^Smith and Dungy both reached this milestone on the same day, although Smith was technically the first due solely to scheduling. The NFC and AFC Championship Games are always held on the same day. In the playoffs that followed the 2006 NFL season, the NFC game was played first.
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Mance, Ajuan (November 5, 2009). "Timeline: Black Firsts in Higher Education". Blackoncampus.com.
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